Nitrogen- and Oxygen-Containing Three-Dimensional Hierarchical Porous Graphitic Carbon for Advanced Supercapacitor
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Synthesis of Hierarchical Porous Graphitic Carbon (HPGC) Materials
2.2. Materials Characterization
2.3. Electrochemical Measurements
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Wang, F.; Wu, X.; Yuan, X.; Liu, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Fu, L.; Zhu, Y.; Zhou, Q.; Wu, Y.; Huang, W. Latest advances in supercapacitors from new electrode materials to novel device designs. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2017, 46, 6816–6854. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, H.; Liu, J.; Zhang, K.; Peng, H.; Li, G. Meso/microporous nitrogen-containing carbon nanofibers with enhanced electrochemical capacitance performances. Synth. Met. 2015, 203, 149–155. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shrestha, L.; Shrestha, R.; Maji, S.; Pokharel, B.; Rajbhandari, R.; Shrestha, R.; Pradhananga, R.; Hill, J.; Ariga, K. High surface area nanoporous graphitic carbon materials derived from lapsi seed with enhanced supercapacitance. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 728. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Li, B.; Dai, F.; Xiao, Q.; Yang, L.; Shen, J.; Zhang, C.; Cai, M. Nitrogen-doped activated carbon for a high energy hybrid supercapacitor. Energy Environ. Sci. 2016, 9, 102–106. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shao, Y.; El-Kady, M.F.; Wang, L.J.; Zhang, Q.; Li, Y.; Wang, H.; Mousavi, M.F.; Kaner, R.B. Graphene-based materials for flexible supercapacitors. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2015, 44, 3639–3665. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mao, W.; Yue, W.; Xu, Z.; Chang, S.; Hu, Q.; Pei, F.; Huang, X.; Zhang, J.; Li, D.; Liu, G.; et al. Development of a synergistic activation strategy for the pilot-scale construction of hierarchical porous graphitic carbon for energy storage applications. ACS Nano 2020, 14, 4741–4754. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jeong, J.; Lee, Y.; Kim, B. Relationship between microstructure and electrochemical properties of 2lignin-derived carbon nanofibers prepared by thermal treatment. Synth. Met. 2020, 260, 116287–116294. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ma, C.; Xu, J.; Fan, Q.; Shi, J.; Song, Y. Synthesis and electrochemical performance of high surface area hierarchical porous carbon with ultrahigh mesoporosity for high-performance supercapacitors. J. Solid State Electr. 2019, 23, 2153–2163. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, X.; Paul, R.; Dai, L. Carbon-based supercapacitors for efficient energy storage. Natl. Sci. Rev. 2017, 4, 453–489. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, H.; Song, H.; Chen, X.; Zhang, S.; Zhou, J.; Ma, Z. Effects of nitrogen-and oxygen-containing functional groups of activated carbon nanotubes on the electrochemical performance in supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 2015, 285, 303–309. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, Y.; Wei, Q.; Wang, R.; Zhao, J.; Quan, Z.; Zhan, T.; Li, D.; Xu, J.; Teng, H.; Hou, W. 3D hierarchical porous nitrogen-doped carbon/Ni@NiO nanocomposites self-templated by cross-linked polyacrylamide gel for high performance supercapacitor electrode. J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 2020, 570, 286–299. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hou, L.; Yang, W.; Xu, X.; Deng, B.; Chen, Z.; Wang, S.; Tian, J.; Yang, F.; Li, Y. In-situ activation endows the integrated Fe3C/Fe@nitrogen-doped carbon hybrids with enhanced pseudocapacitance for electrochemical energy storage. Chem. Eng. J. 2019, 375, 122061–122070. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yun, S.I.; Kim, S.H.; Kim, D.W.; Kim, Y.A.; Kim, B. Facile preparation and capacitive properties of low-cost carbon nanofibers with ZnO derived from lignin and pitch as supercapacitor electrodes. Carbon 2019, 149, 637–645. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Le, T.; Yoon, H. Strategies for fabricating versatile carbon nanomaterials from polymer precursors. Carbon 2019, 152, 796–817. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ma, L.; Sun, G.; Ran, J.; Lv, S.; Shen, X.; Tong, H. One-pot template-free strategy toward 3D hierarchical porous nitrogen-doped carbon framework in situ armored homogeneous NiO nanoparticles for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 22278–22290. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, M.; Zhang, K.; Si, M.; Wang, H.; Chai, L.; Shi, Y. Three-dimensional carbon nanosheets derived from micro-morphologically regulated biomass for ultrahigh-performance supercapacitors. Carbon 2019, 153, 707–716. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Y.; Liu, R.; Tian, Y.; Sun, Z.; Huang, Z.; Wu, X.; Li, B. Heteroatoms-doped hierarchical porous carbon derived from chitin for flexible all-solid-state symmetric supercapacitors. Chem. Eng. J. 2020, 384, 123263–123272. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, X.; Ding, B.; Zhang, C.; Li, B.; Fan, Z. Self-activation of nitrogen and sulfur dual-doping hierarchical porous carbons for asymmetric supercapacitors with high energy densities. Carbon 2019, 153, 225–233. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wan, L.; Wei, W.; Xie, M.; Zhang, Y.; Li, X.; Xiao, R.; Chen, J.; Du, C. Nitrogen, sulfur co-doped hierarchically porous carbon from rape pollen as high-performance supercapacitor electrode. Electrochim. Acta 2019, 311, 72–82. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, J.; Liu, K.; Gao, X.; Yao, B.; Huo, K.; Cheng, Y.; Cheng, X.; Chen, D.; Wang, B.; Sun, W.; et al. Oxygen-and nitrogen-enriched 3D porous carbon for supercapacitors of high volumetric capacity. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 24622–24628. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huang, G.; Geng, Q.; Kang, W.; Liu, Y.; Li, Y.; Xing, B.; Liu, Q.; Zhang, C. Hierarchical porous carbon with optimized mesopore structure and nitrogen doping for supercapacitor electrodes. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 2019, 288, 109576–109577. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, H.; Chen, J.; Chen, D.; Wei, H.; Liu, P.; Wei, W.; Lin, H.; Han, S. Nitrogen-and oxygen-rich dual-decorated carbon materials with porosity for high-performance supercapacitors. J. Mater. Sci. 2019, 54, 5625–5640. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- To, J.W.F.; Chen, Z.; Yao, H.; He, J.; Kim, K.; Chou, H.; Pan, L.; Wilcox, J.; Cui, Y.; Bao, Z. Ultrahigh surface area three-dimensional porous graphitic carbon from conjugated polymeric molecular framework. ACS Central Sci. 2015, 1, 68–76. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Ma, C.; Cao, E.; Li, J.; Fan, Q.; Wu, L.; Song, Y.; Shi, J. Synthesis of mesoporous ribbon-shaped graphitic carbon nanofibers with superior performance as efficient supercapacitor electrodes. Electrochim. ACTA 2018, 292, 364–373. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Su, P.; Jiang, L.; Zhao, J.; Yan, J.; Li, C.; Yang, Q. Mesoporous graphitic carbon nanodisks fabricated via catalytic carbonization of coordination polymers. Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 8769–8771. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, K.; Cao, Y.; Wang, X.; Kharel, P.; Gibbons, W.; Luo, B.; Gu, Z.; Fan, Q.; Metzger, L. Nickel catalytic graphitized porous carbon as electrode material for high performance supercapacitors. Energy 2016, 101, 9–15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lu, Q.; Weng, Z. Synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole nanoparticles via unstirred polymerization. ACTA Polym. Sin. 2009, 6, 513–519. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Song, M.; Kim, Y.; Kim, B.; Kim, J.; Char, K.; Rhee, H. Synthesis and characterization of soluble polypyrrole doped with alkylbenzenesulfonic acids. Synth. Met. 2004, 141, 315–319. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Han, J.; Li, Q.; Peng, C.; Shu, N.; Pan, F.; Wang, J.; Zhu, Y. Increasing S dopant and specific surface area of N/S-codoped porous carbon by in-situ polymerization of PEDOT into biomass precursor for high performance supercapacitor. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2020, 502, 144191. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chameh, B.; Moradi, M.; Kaveian, S. Synthesis of hybrid ZIF-d erived binary ZnS/CoS composite as high areal-capacitance supercapacitor. Synth. Met. 2020, 260, 116262. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Q.; Xu, B.; Xu, C.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Wu, J.; Fan, G. Ultrasmall Rh nanoparticles decorated on carbon nanotubes with encapsulated Ni nanoparticles as excellent and pH-universal electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2019, 495, 143569–143570. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhu, Q.; Xia, W.; Zheng, L.; Zou, R.; Liu, Z.; Xu, Q. Atomically dispersed Fe/N-doped hierarchical carbon architectures derived from a metal–organic framework composite for extremely efficient electrocatalysis. ACS Energy Lett. 2017, 2, 504–511. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Saravanan, C.; Shekhar, R.; Palaniappan, S. Synthesis of polypyrrole using benzoyl peroxide as a novel oxidizing agent. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2006, 207, 342–348. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Samples | CXPS (at.%) | NXPS (at.%) | OXPS (at.%) | Nitrogen Contents from XPS (at.%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pyridinic N | Pyrrolic N | Quaternary N | ||||
HPC | 87.05 | 7.04 | 5.91 | 34.37 | 39.48 | 26.15 |
HPGC | 87.37 | 3.52 | 9.11 | 31.48 | 39.23 | 29.29 |
Carbon Precursor | SSA (m2 g−1) | Specific Capacitance (F g−1) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
benzotriazole | 1337.7 | 302.55 (0.5 A g−1) | [22] |
kelp | 1000 | 440 (0.5 A g−1) | [20] |
potassium humate/manganous nitrate | 1119 | <225 (0.5 A g−1) | [21] |
phenolic resin/polyvinylpyrrolidone | 463 | 228 (0.2 A g−1) | [24] |
Polypyrrole | 2489.2 | 336.3 (0.5 A g−1) | This work |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Zhao, Y.; Wang, H.; Liu, J.; Liu, J.; Li, G.; Peng, H.; Chen, K.; Zhang, Z. Nitrogen- and Oxygen-Containing Three-Dimensional Hierarchical Porous Graphitic Carbon for Advanced Supercapacitor. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 1540. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10081540
Zhao Y, Wang H, Liu J, Liu J, Li G, Peng H, Chen K, Zhang Z. Nitrogen- and Oxygen-Containing Three-Dimensional Hierarchical Porous Graphitic Carbon for Advanced Supercapacitor. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(8):1540. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10081540
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Yunyan, Honghu Wang, Jing Liu, Jinghao Liu, Guicun Li, Hongrui Peng, Kezheng Chen, and Zhonghua Zhang. 2020. "Nitrogen- and Oxygen-Containing Three-Dimensional Hierarchical Porous Graphitic Carbon for Advanced Supercapacitor" Nanomaterials 10, no. 8: 1540. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10081540