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Article

Synthesis of Au, Ag, and Au–Ag Bimetallic Nanoparticles Using Pulicaria undulata Extract and Their Catalytic Activity for the Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol

by
Merajuddin Khan
1,
Khaleel Al-hamoud
1,
Zainab Liaqat
2,
Mohammed Rafi Shaik
1,
Syed Farooq Adil
1,
Mufsir Kuniyil
1,
Hamad Z. Alkhathlan
1,
Abdulrahman Al-Warthan
1,
Mohammed Rafiq H. Siddiqui
1,
Mihail Mondeshki
2,
Wolfgang Tremel
2,*,
Mujeeb Khan
1,* and
Muhammad Nawaz Tahir
3,*
1
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
2
Department Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg Universität of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
3
Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, P.O. Box 5048, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nanomaterials 2020, 10(9), 1885; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10091885
Submission received: 8 August 2020 / Revised: 12 September 2020 / Accepted: 16 September 2020 / Published: 20 September 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Nanoscience and Nanotechnology)
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Abstract

Plant extract of Pulicaria undulata (L.) was used as both reducing agent and stabilizing ligand for the rapid and green synthesis of gold (Au), silver (Ag), and gold–silver (Au–Ag) bimetallic (phase segregated/alloy) nanoparticles (NPs). These nanoparticles with different morphologies were prepared in two hours by stirring corresponding metal precursors in the aqueous solution of the plant extracts at ambient temperature. To infer the role of concentration of plant extract on the composition and morphology of NPs, we designed two different sets of experiments, namely (i) low concentration (LC) and (ii) high concentration (HC) of plant extract. In the case of using low concentration of the plant extract, irregular shaped Au, Ag, or phase segregated Au–Ag bimetallic NPs were obtained, whereas the use of higher concentrations of the plant extract resulted in the formation of spherical Au, Ag, and Au–Ag alloy NPs. The as-prepared Au, Ag, and Au–Ag bimetallic NPs showed morphology and composition dependent catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NPh) to 4-aminophenol (4-APh) in the presence of NaBH4. The bimetallic Au–Ag alloy NPs showed the highest catalytic activity compared to all other NPs.
Keywords: gold; silver; bimetallic; nanoparticles; plant extract; Pulicaria undulata; catalytic activity gold; silver; bimetallic; nanoparticles; plant extract; Pulicaria undulata; catalytic activity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Khan, M.; Al-hamoud, K.; Liaqat, Z.; Shaik, M.R.; Adil, S.F.; Kuniyil, M.; Alkhathlan, H.Z.; Al-Warthan, A.; Siddiqui, M.R.H.; Mondeshki, M.; et al. Synthesis of Au, Ag, and Au–Ag Bimetallic Nanoparticles Using Pulicaria undulata Extract and Their Catalytic Activity for the Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 1885. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10091885

AMA Style

Khan M, Al-hamoud K, Liaqat Z, Shaik MR, Adil SF, Kuniyil M, Alkhathlan HZ, Al-Warthan A, Siddiqui MRH, Mondeshki M, et al. Synthesis of Au, Ag, and Au–Ag Bimetallic Nanoparticles Using Pulicaria undulata Extract and Their Catalytic Activity for the Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(9):1885. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10091885

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khan, Merajuddin, Khaleel Al-hamoud, Zainab Liaqat, Mohammed Rafi Shaik, Syed Farooq Adil, Mufsir Kuniyil, Hamad Z. Alkhathlan, Abdulrahman Al-Warthan, Mohammed Rafiq H. Siddiqui, Mihail Mondeshki, and et al. 2020. "Synthesis of Au, Ag, and Au–Ag Bimetallic Nanoparticles Using Pulicaria undulata Extract and Their Catalytic Activity for the Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol" Nanomaterials 10, no. 9: 1885. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10091885

APA Style

Khan, M., Al-hamoud, K., Liaqat, Z., Shaik, M. R., Adil, S. F., Kuniyil, M., Alkhathlan, H. Z., Al-Warthan, A., Siddiqui, M. R. H., Mondeshki, M., Tremel, W., Khan, M., & Tahir, M. N. (2020). Synthesis of Au, Ag, and Au–Ag Bimetallic Nanoparticles Using Pulicaria undulata Extract and Their Catalytic Activity for the Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol. Nanomaterials, 10(9), 1885. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10091885

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