Crown Ether Grafted Graphene Oxide/Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofiber Membrane for Highly Selective Adsorption and Separation of Lithium Ion
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Materials
2.2. Sample Preparation
2.2.1. Preparation of Graphene Oxide (GO−ECH)
2.2.2. Preparation of 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-12-Crown 4-Ether Graft Modified Graphene Oxide (GO−ECH−CE)
2.2.3. Preparation of Crown Ether Grafted Graphene Oxide/Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofiber Composite Film (GO–CE–CS–PVA)
2.2.4. Preparation of Graphene Oxide/Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofiber Composite Membrane (GO–CS–PVA) Membrane
2.2.5. Repeat the Elution Procedure
2.3. Adsorption Experiment
2.4. Characterization Instruments
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization Results
3.1.1. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
3.1.2. Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
3.1.3. N2 Adsorption-Desorption (BET)
3.1.4. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG/DTG)
3.2. Adsorption Experimental Analysis
3.2.1. pH Experiment
3.2.2. Adsorption Kinetics Experiment
3.2.3. Adsorption Isotherm Experiment
3.2.4. Adsorption Thermodynamics Experiment
3.2.5. Selective Adsorption Experiment
3.2.6. Repeatable Adsorption Experiment
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Adsorbents | Qe,exp (mg g−1) | PFOKM | PSOKM | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Qe,c (mg g−1) | k1 (min−1) | R2 | Qe,c (mg g−1) | K2 × 10−2 (g mg−1 min−1) | h (mg g−1 min−1) | t1/2 (min) | R2 | ||
GO-CS-PVA | 92.82 | 88.49 | 0.028 | 0.983 | 95.42 | 0.041 | 3.77 | 25.28 | 0.996 |
GO-CE-CS-PVA | 97.23 | 90.76 | 0.032 | 0.954 | 97.83 | 0.046 | 4.43 | 22.07 | 0.998 |
Adsorbents | Langmuir Isotherm Equation | Freundlich Isotherm Equation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R2 | KL (L mg−1) | Qm (mg g−1) | RL | R2 | KF (mg g−1) | 1/n | |
GO-CS-PVA | 0.992 | 0.007 | 148.75 | 0.069 | 0.900 | 9.69 | 0.366 |
GO-CE-CS-PVA | 0.994 | 0.004 | 168.50 | 0.117 | 0.933 | 6.46 | 0.427 |
Adsorbents | ∆H (kJ mol−1) | ∆S (J mol−1) | T (K) | Ko | ∆G (kJ mol−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GO-CS-PVA | −1.28 | 10.49 | 308.15 | 5.83 | −4.516 |
318.15 | 5.74 | −4.624 | |||
328.15 | 5.65 | −4.725 | |||
GO-CE-CS-PVA | −3.44 | 3.52 | 308.15 | 5.91 | −4.551 |
318.15 | 5.50 | −4.511 | |||
328.15 | 5.45 | −4.625 |
Metal Ions | GO-CS-PVA | GO-CE-CS-PVA | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cf (mg·L−1) | Kd (mL·g−1) | k | Cf (mg·L−1) | Kd (mL·g−1) | k | |
Li+ | 865.38 | 0.156 | / | 847.13 | 0.180 | / |
Na+ | 860.35 | 0.162 | 0.96 | 933.08 | 0.072 | 2.51 |
Mg2+ | 899.08 | 0.112 | 1.39 | 926.49 | 0.079 | 2.27 |
K+ | 950.56 | 0.052 | 3.00 | 958.81 | 0.043 | 4.19 |
Ca2+ | 928.48 | 0.077 | 2.03 | 933.96 | 0.071 | 2.55 |
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Zheng, X.; Li, A.; Hua, J.; Zhang, Y.; Li, Z. Crown Ether Grafted Graphene Oxide/Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofiber Membrane for Highly Selective Adsorption and Separation of Lithium Ion. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 2668. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11102668
Zheng X, Li A, Hua J, Zhang Y, Li Z. Crown Ether Grafted Graphene Oxide/Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofiber Membrane for Highly Selective Adsorption and Separation of Lithium Ion. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11(10):2668. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11102668
Chicago/Turabian StyleZheng, Xudong, Ang Li, Jie Hua, Yuzhe Zhang, and Zhongyu Li. 2021. "Crown Ether Grafted Graphene Oxide/Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofiber Membrane for Highly Selective Adsorption and Separation of Lithium Ion" Nanomaterials 11, no. 10: 2668. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11102668