Optimization of Nanoparticles for Smart Drug Delivery: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Improving Biocompatibility
2.1. Liposomal Formulations
2.2. Cubosomes
2.3. Cell Membrane Interface
2.4. Nature Cell
2.5. Biomacromolecule
3. Increasing the Targeting Efficiency
3.1. Cell Membrane
3.1.1. Red Blood Cell Membrane
3.1.2. Platelet Membrane
3.1.3. Cancer Cell Membrane
3.1.4. Immune Cell Membrane
3.1.5. Hybrid Membranes and Others
3.2. Cell Robot
3.2.1. Nanoparticles Coated with Bacteria
3.2.2. Combination Nanoparticles with Cells
3.3. Drug Release Triggered by Different Conditions
4. Increasing the Drug Loading Rate
4.1. Inorganic Carrier Nano Drug Delivery System
4.1.1. Mesoporous Silica-Based NPs (MSNPs)
4.1.2. Mesoporous Carbon NPs (MCNPs)
4.1.3. Mesoporous Magnetic Colloidal Nanocrystal Clusters (MCNCs)
4.1.4. Mesoporous TiO2 NPs (MTNPs)
4.2. Organic Carrier Nano Drug Delivery System
4.2.1. Synthetic Polymer
4.2.2. Natural Biopolymers
4.3. MOF Carrier Nano Drug Delivery System
4.4. Carrier-Free Nanomedicines Delivery System
4.4.1. Pure Nanodrugs
4.4.2. Drug–Drug Conjugates
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ligand | Application | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|
Peptide | Muramyl tripeptide (MTP) | Melanoma treatment | [23] |
Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) | Brain delivery | [24] | |
N-formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine (fMLP) | Leishmaniasis treatment | [25] | |
Ac-KGFGGGLK peptide | Atherosclerotic detection | [26] | |
CGP 31362 | Tumor destruction | [27] | |
Muramyl dipeptide | Immunomodulating | [28] | |
TD peptide | Melanoma treatment | [29] | |
p18-4 (WxEAAYQrFL) | Breast cancer treatment | [30] | |
Antibody | Integrinβ6 monoclonal antibody | Colon carcinoma treatment | [31] |
anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody | Breast cancer treatment | [32] | |
Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) | Skin therapy | [33] | |
Breast cancer treatment | [34] | ||
Programmed Death Ligand-1 monoclonal antibody (α-PD-L1) | Melanoma treatment | [35] | |
fibroblast growth factor (FGF) ligands | Bladder cancer targeting | [36] | |
Frizzled 10 (FZD10) antibody | Colorectal cancer treatment | [37] | |
CD123/CD33 dual-antibody | Reduction of antigen-negative escape | [38] | |
CD123 antibody | Targeting to acute myeloid leukemia cells | [39] | |
CD44 antibody | Imaging and therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma | [40] | |
Others | Natural STAT3 inhibitors | Tumor immunotherapy | [41] |
CRISPR/Cas9 | Gene silencing efficiency enhancement | [42] | |
Aβ-targeting ligands | Alzheimer treatment | [43] | |
STING Agonists | Cancer immunotherapy | [44] | |
Itraconazole | Enhanced gene delivery of pDNA and siRNA | [45] | |
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | Gene’s carriers in transfection assays | [46] |
Cell Membrane | Nanoparticle | Application | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Macrophage | silica nanocapsules | 4T1 Subcutaneous tumor treatment | [56] |
Au Nanoshells | 4T1 Subcutaneous tumor treatment | [57] | |
NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaYF4 | 4T1 Subcutaneous tumor treatment | [58] | |
copper sulfide nanoparticles | An allograft tumor of breast cancer treatment | [59] | |
Emtansine liposomes | 4T1 metastasis lung cancer treatment | [60] | |
ROS-responsive nanoparticles | Cardiovascular Disorders treatment | [61] | |
ROS-sensitive β-cyclodextrin | Ulcerative colitis treatment | [62] | |
Polymeric cores | Acute pancreatitis treatment | [63] | |
mPEG5K-b-PLGA11K@miR199a-3p | Myocardial infarction treatment | [64] | |
Erythrocyte | Polymeric nanoparticles | Biomimetic delivery platform | [65] |
Fe3O4 nanoparticles | Reducing reticuloendothelial system uptake | [66] | |
Gold nanocages | Photothermal therapy | [67] | |
All-in-one hollow nanoworms (A-Fe/AuAg@PDA) | Combating Focal Bacterial Infection | [68] | |
Black phosphorus | Photothermal cancer immunotherapy | [69] | |
Chitosan, heparin and Au | Thrombus Therapy | [70] | |
Zinc phthalocyanine and ICG | Photodynamic/photothermal theranostics | [71] | |
Platelets | Porous nanoparticles | Targeted antitumor drug delivery | [72] |
Polymeric nanoparticles | Reversing thrombus in mouse models | [73] | |
PLGA and Fe3O4 nanoparticles | Dual targeted thrombolytic therapy | [74] | |
γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles | Ischemic Stroke treatment | [75] | |
Malaria protein VAR2CSA | Targeted treatment of primary and metastatic Cancer | [76] | |
Liposomes | Targeted therapy of atherosclerosis | [77] | |
Photodynamic nanoparticle | Photodynamic therapy | [78] | |
Stem cell | Nanogels | Tumor targeted drug delivery | [79] |
Fe3O4 nanoparticles | Cartilage regeneration | [80] | |
β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ | Photodynamic therapy | [81] | |
Isotretinoin | Acne treatment | [82] | |
Cancer cell | Glucose oxidase (GOx) and porphyrin metal-organic framework (MOF) | Cancer targeted starvation and photodynamic therapy | [83] |
Upconversion nanoparticles | Imaging of triple-negative breast cancer | [84] | |
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles | Regulating drug release | [85] | |
MnO2 nanoreactor | Combined photodynamic-starvation therapy | [86] | |
Immunostimulatory adjuvant | Eliciting multiantigenic antitumor immunity | [87] |
Strategy | Component | Advantage | Disadvantage | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Inorganic carrier nano drug delivery system | MSNPs; MCNPs; MCNCs; MTNPs | Good drug targeting; potential imaging capabilities | Low drug loading; potential carrier toxicity | [161,162,163,164,165] |
Organic carrier nano drug delivery system | Synthetic polymer (PEG, PVP, POx); Natural biopolymers (proteins, peptides, nucleic acids) | Good drug targeting; low carrier toxicity; potential imaging capabilities; good biocompatibility | Low drug loading; carrier cleared quickly; poor stability | [3,161,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172] |
MOF carrier nano drug delivery system | HKUST; UiO; ZIF; MIL | Good drug targeting; potential imaging capabilities; good biocompatibility | Low drug loading; potential carrier toxicity | [161,164,165,173,174,175,176] |
Carrier-free nanomedicines delivery system | Pure Nanodrugs; Drug–Drug conjugates | High drug loading; no carrier toxicity | Poor drug targeting; residual organic solvent | [161,164,165,177,178,179,180] |
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Jia, L.; Zhang, P.; Sun, H.; Dai, Y.; Liang, S.; Bai, X.; Feng, L. Optimization of Nanoparticles for Smart Drug Delivery: A Review. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 2790. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11112790
Jia L, Zhang P, Sun H, Dai Y, Liang S, Bai X, Feng L. Optimization of Nanoparticles for Smart Drug Delivery: A Review. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11(11):2790. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11112790
Chicago/Turabian StyleJia, Lina, Peng Zhang, Hongyan Sun, Yuguo Dai, Shuzhang Liang, Xue Bai, and Lin Feng. 2021. "Optimization of Nanoparticles for Smart Drug Delivery: A Review" Nanomaterials 11, no. 11: 2790. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11112790