Rheological and Tribological Properties of Nanocellulose-Based Ecolubricants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Preparation of Nanocellulose-Based Ecolubricants
2.4. Rheological and Tribological Characterization of Nanocellulose-Based Ecolubricants
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Viscous Flow Behavior of Nanocellulose-Based Ecolubricants
3.2. Friction Behavior of Nanocellulose-Based Ecolubricants
3.3. Wear Analysis of Nanocellulose-Based Ecolubricants
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Code | Nanocellulose Concentration (wt.%) | Base Oil Viscosity (cSt) [ ] * | CNF | CNC |
---|---|---|---|---|
µ (Pa·s) | µ (Pa·s) | |||
0, 0A | 3.3 | 140.5 [70] | 0.338 ± 0.006 | 0.347 ± 0.007 |
0, 0B | 3.3 | 140.5 [70] | 0.353 ± 0.005 | 0.346 ± 0.005 |
+1.414, 0 | 6.0 | 140.5 [70] | 0.398 ± 0.007 | 0.400 ± 0.014 |
−1.414, 0 | 0.5 | 140.5 [70] | 0.312 ± 0.002 | 0.313 ± 0.004 |
0, +1.414 | 3.3 | 242.5 [100] | 0.783 ± 0.020 | 0.767 ± 0.010 |
0, −1.414 | 3.3 | 38.5 [0] | 0.082 ± 0.006 | 0.085 ± 0.009 |
+1, +1 | 5.2 | 212.6 [93] | 0.696 ± 0.012 | 0.696 ± 0.012 |
+1, −1 | 5.2 | 68.4 [31] | 0.148 ± 0.002 | 0.145 ± 0.001 |
−1, +1 | 1.3 | 212.6 [93] | 0.597 ± 0.014 | 0.589 ± 0.006 |
−1, −1 | 1.3 | 68.4 [31] | 0.129 ± 0.005 | 0.132 ± 0.007 |
Sample | Nanoparticle Concentration (wt.%) | Base Oil Viscosity (cSt) | CNF Diameter (μm) | CNC Diameter (μm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Castor oil | 0 | 242.5 | 520 ± 13 * | 520 ± 13 * |
HOSO | 0 | 38.5 | 689 ± 29 * | 689 ± 29 * |
0, 0A | 3.3 | 140.5 | 843 ± 23 | 858 ± 54 |
0, 0B | 3.3 | 140.5 | 812 ± 34 | 773 ± 51 |
+1.414, 0 | 6.0 | 140.5 | 711 ± 24 | 619 ± 81 |
−1.414, 0 | 0.5 | 140.5 | 925 ± 14 | 948 ± 65 |
0, +1.414 | 3.3 | 242.5 | 312 ± 32 | 329 ± 9 |
0, −1.414 | 3.3 | 38.5 | 843 ± 13 | 821 ± 31 |
+1, +1 | 5.2 | 212.6 | 543 ± 47 | 634 ± 45 |
−1, +1 | 1.3 | 212.6 | 806 ± 10 | 722 ± 44 |
+1, −1 | 5.2 | 68.4 | 727 ± 30 | 886 ± 38 |
−1, −1 | 1.3 | 68.4 | 860 ± 29 | 922 ± 35 |
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Fernández-Silva, S.D.; Delgado, M.A.; Roman, C.; García-Morales, M. Rheological and Tribological Properties of Nanocellulose-Based Ecolubricants. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 2987. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11112987
Fernández-Silva SD, Delgado MA, Roman C, García-Morales M. Rheological and Tribological Properties of Nanocellulose-Based Ecolubricants. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11(11):2987. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11112987
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernández-Silva, Samuel D., Miguel A. Delgado, Claudia Roman, and Moisés García-Morales. 2021. "Rheological and Tribological Properties of Nanocellulose-Based Ecolubricants" Nanomaterials 11, no. 11: 2987. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11112987