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Article

The Effect of Silicon Grade and Electrode Architecture on the Performance of Advanced Anodes for Next Generation Lithium-Ion Cells

Institute for Applied Materials-Applied Materials Physics (IAM-AWP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(12), 3448; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11123448
Submission received: 3 November 2021 / Revised: 15 December 2021 / Accepted: 16 December 2021 / Published: 20 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functionalized Nanostructures for Novel Energy Storage Systems)

Abstract

To increase the specific capacity of anodes for lithium-ion cells, advanced active materials, such as silicon, can be utilized. Silicon has an order of magnitude higher specific capacity compared to the state-of-the-art anode material graphite; therefore, it is a promising candidate to achieve this target. In this study, different types of silicon nanopowders were introduced as active material for the manufacturing of composite silicon/graphite electrodes. The materials were selected from different suppliers providing different grades of purity and different grain sizes. The slurry preparation, including binder, additives, and active material, was established using a ball milling device and coating was performed via tape casting on a thin copper current collector foil. Composite electrodes with an areal capacity of approximately 1.70 mAh/cm² were deposited. Reference electrodes without silicon were prepared in the same manner, and they showed slightly lower areal capacities. High repetition rate, ultrafast laser ablation was applied to these high-power electrodes in order to introduce line structures with a periodicity of 200 µm. The electrochemical performance of the anodes was evaluated as rate capability and operational lifetime measurements including pouch cells with NMC 622 as counter electrodes. For the silicon/graphite composite electrodes with the best performance, up to 200 full cycles at a C-rate of 1C were achieved until end of life was reached at 80% relative capacity. Additionally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopies were conducted as a function of state of health to correlate the used silicon grade with solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation and charge transfer resistance values.
Keywords: lithium-ion battery; electrode development; silicon anode; laser patterning; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; galvanostatic characterization lithium-ion battery; electrode development; silicon anode; laser patterning; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; galvanostatic characterization

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MDPI and ACS Style

Meyer, A.; Ball, F.; Pfleging, W. The Effect of Silicon Grade and Electrode Architecture on the Performance of Advanced Anodes for Next Generation Lithium-Ion Cells. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 3448. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11123448

AMA Style

Meyer A, Ball F, Pfleging W. The Effect of Silicon Grade and Electrode Architecture on the Performance of Advanced Anodes for Next Generation Lithium-Ion Cells. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11(12):3448. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11123448

Chicago/Turabian Style

Meyer, Alexandra, Fabian Ball, and Wilhelm Pfleging. 2021. "The Effect of Silicon Grade and Electrode Architecture on the Performance of Advanced Anodes for Next Generation Lithium-Ion Cells" Nanomaterials 11, no. 12: 3448. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11123448

APA Style

Meyer, A., Ball, F., & Pfleging, W. (2021). The Effect of Silicon Grade and Electrode Architecture on the Performance of Advanced Anodes for Next Generation Lithium-Ion Cells. Nanomaterials, 11(12), 3448. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11123448

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