Structure and Luminescence Properties of Transparent Germanate Glass-Ceramics Co-Doped with Ni2+/Er3+ for Near-Infrared Optical Fiber Application
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Structural Properties
- k—shape factor (0.9) [-];
- λ—wavelength of X-ray [0.154056 nm];
- Β—diffraction peak broadening at half the maximum intensity (FWHM) [rad];
- θ—Bragg’s angle [°].
3.2. Optical Properties
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Band | Position [cm−1] | Integral Intensity [%] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample | ||||||
15ZnO_ as Melted | 15ZnO_ 650 °C_3 h | 15ZnO_ 650 °C_5 h | 15ZnO_ as Melted | 15ZnO_ 650 °C_3 h | 15ZnO_ 650 °C_5 h | |
A | 452 | 454 | 460 | 14 | 25 | 19 |
B | 535 | 542 | 566 | 45 | 55 | 30 |
C | 605 | 617 | 628 | 13 | 38 | 10 |
D | 708 | 729 | 741 | 14 | 4 | 2 |
E | 764 | 800 | 794 | 30 | 62 | 25 |
F | 844 | 868 | 858 | 78 | 87 | 44 |
G | 945 | 947 | 931 | 47 | 46 | 29 |
H | 1036 | 1016 | 1011 | 44 | 34 | 29 |
Band | Assignment |
---|---|
A | symmetrical stretching bonds of Ge[4], Ga[4]-O,-Ge[4], Ga[4] in germanano(gallo)oxygen four-membered rings |
B | symmetrical stretching bonds of Ge[4], Ga[4]-O-Ge[4], Ga[4] in the three-membered germanano(gallo)oxygen rings |
C | symmetrical stretching bonds of Ge[4], Ga[4]-O-Ge[4], Ga[4] |
D | symmetrical stretching bonds of Ge[6], Ga[6]-O-Ge[6], Ga[6] |
E | asymmetrical stretching bonds of Ge[4],Ga[4]-O-Ge[4],Ga[4] connecting [GeO]4/[GaO]4 tetrahedrons |
F | asymmetrical stretching vibrations of the Ge-O-Ge, and Ga-O-Ga connecting [GeO4], [GaO4] tetrahedra |
G | Ge–O–Ge or Ga–O–Ga stretching vibrations in [GeO4]/[GaO4] |
H | stretching vibrations of the (Ge-O−) of GeO4 units |
15ZnO_650 °C_3h | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | h | k | l | Position [°2Theta] | β [°2Theta] | d [nm] |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 18.40 | 1.1175 | 7.20 |
2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 30.29 | 2.0217 | 4.07 |
3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 35.65 | 2.4319 | 3.43 |
4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 37.43 | 0.7497 | 11.19 |
5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 43.52 | 0.7071 | 12.10 |
6 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 57.52 | 1.7866 | 5.07 |
7 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 63.32 | 0.8344 | 11.18 |
8 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 75.99 | 0.5634 | 17.89 |
9 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 80.12 | 0.6197 | 16.75 |
15ZnO_650 °C_5h | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | h | k | l | Position [°2Theta] | Β [°2Theta] | d [nm] |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 18.31 | 1.5736 | 5.11 |
2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 30.25 | 1.9317 | 4.26 |
3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 35.59 | 2.1037 | 3.97 |
4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 37.38 | 0.6690 | 12.54 |
5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 43.47 | 0.6311 | 13.55 |
6 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 57.47 | 2.3862 | 3.80 |
7 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 63.26 | 0.6667 | 14.00 |
8 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 75.98 | 0.5782 | 17.43 |
9 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 79.98 | 0.6889 | 15.05 |
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Lesniak, M.; Kochanowicz, M.; Baranowska, A.; Golonko, P.; Kuwik, M.; Zmojda, J.; Miluski, P.; Dorosz, J.; Pisarski, W.A.; Pisarska, J.; et al. Structure and Luminescence Properties of Transparent Germanate Glass-Ceramics Co-Doped with Ni2+/Er3+ for Near-Infrared Optical Fiber Application. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 2115. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11082115
Lesniak M, Kochanowicz M, Baranowska A, Golonko P, Kuwik M, Zmojda J, Miluski P, Dorosz J, Pisarski WA, Pisarska J, et al. Structure and Luminescence Properties of Transparent Germanate Glass-Ceramics Co-Doped with Ni2+/Er3+ for Near-Infrared Optical Fiber Application. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11(8):2115. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11082115
Chicago/Turabian StyleLesniak, Magdalena, Marcin Kochanowicz, Agata Baranowska, Piotr Golonko, Marta Kuwik, Jacek Zmojda, Piotr Miluski, Jan Dorosz, Wojciech Andrzej Pisarski, Joanna Pisarska, and et al. 2021. "Structure and Luminescence Properties of Transparent Germanate Glass-Ceramics Co-Doped with Ni2+/Er3+ for Near-Infrared Optical Fiber Application" Nanomaterials 11, no. 8: 2115. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11082115