Synthesis of Cellular Silica Using Microbubbles as Templates
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Materials
2.2. Synthesis
2.3. Surface Tension
2.4. Characterization
3. Results and Discussions
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Coasne, B.; Galarneau, A.; Pellenq, R.J.M.; Di Renzo, F. Adsorption, intrusion and freezing in porous silica: The view from the nanoscale. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 4141–4171. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Narayan, R.; Nayak, U.Y.; Raichur, A.M.; Garg, S. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Review on Synthesis and Recent Advances. Pharmaceutics 2018, 10, 118. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lei, Q.; Guo, J.; Noureddine, A.; Wang, A.; Wuttke, S.; Brinker, C.J.; Zhu, W. Sol-Gel-Based Advanced Porous Silica Materials for Biomedical Applications. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jafari, S.; Derakhshankhah, H.; Alaei, L.; Fattahi, A.; Varnamkhasti, B.S.; Saboury, A.A. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for therapeutic/diagnostic applications. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2019, 109, 1100–1111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhou, Y.X.; Quan, G.L.; Wu, Q.L.; Zhang, X.X.; Niu, B.Y.; Wu, B.Y.; Huang, Y.; Pan, X.; Wu, C.B. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug and gene delivery. Acta Pharm. Sin. B 2018, 8, 165–177. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wen, J.; Yang, K.; Liu, F.Y.; Li, H.J.; Xu, Y.Q.; Sun, S.G. Diverse gatekeepers for mesoporous silica nanoparticle based drug delivery systems. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2017, 46, 6024–6045. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Y.; Zhao, Q.F.; Han, N.; Bai, L.; Li, J.; Liu, J.; Che, E.X.; Hu, L.; Zhang, Q.; Jiang, T.Y.; et al. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles in drug delivery and biomedical applications. Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. 2015, 11, 313–327. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tarn, D.; Ashley, C.E.; Xue, M.; Carnes, E.C.; Zink, J.I.; Brinker, C.J. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Nanocarriers: Biofunctionality and Biocompatibility. Acc. Chem. Res. 2013, 46, 792–801. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, J.F.; Ding, H.M.; Wang, J.X.; Shao, L. Preparation and characterization of porous hollow silica nanoparticles for drug delivery application. Biomaterials 2004, 25, 723–727. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ji, Q.M.; Yamazaki, T.; Sun, J.; Gorecka, Z.; Huang, N.C.; Hsu, S.H.; Shrestha, L.K.; Hill, J.P.; Ariga, K. Spongelike Porous Silica Nanosheets: From "Soft" Molecular Trapping to DNA Delivery. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 4509–4518. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Matsukizono, H.; Murada, H.; Jin, R.H. Nanosheet-Stacked Chiral Silica Transcribed from Metal Ion- and pH-Tuned Supramolecular Crystalline Complexes of Polyamine-D-Glucarate. Chem. Eur. J. 2014, 20, 1134–1145. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tomczak, M.M.; Glawe, D.D.; Drummy, L.F.; Lawrence, C.G.; Stone, M.O.; Perry, C.C.; Pochan, D.J.; Deming, T.J.; Naik, R.R. Polypeptide-templated synthesis of hexagonal silica platelets. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 12577–12582. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, L.; Wang, G.C.; Liu, Y.J.; An, J.J.; Wang, M. Development of a stable biosensor based on a SiO2 nanosheet-Nafion-modified glassy carbon electrode for sensitive detection of pesticides. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2013, 405, 2545–2552. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dahlke, T.; Ruffiner, O.; Cant, R. Production of HF from H2SiF6. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Innovation and Technology in the Phosphate Industry (SYMPHOS), Marrakech, Morocco, 18–20 May 2015; pp. 231–239. [Google Scholar]
- Velev, O.D.; Jede, T.A.; Lobo, R.F.; Lenhoff, A.M. Porous silica via colloidal crystallization. Nature 1997, 389, 447–448. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pandya, P.H.; Jasra, R.V.; Newalkar, B.L.; Bhatt, P.N. Studies on the activity and stability of immobilized alpha-amylase in ordered mesoporous silicas. Microporous Mesoporous Mat. 2005, 77, 67–77. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yan, W.; Xuhan, Z.; Min, Z. Study of Immobilization of Laccase on Mesoporous Molecular Sieve MCM-41. J. Chem. Eng. Chin. Univ. 2008, 22, 83–87. [Google Scholar]
- Xue, Z.Z.; Shang, H.Y.; Zhang, Z.L.; Xiong, C.H.; Lu, C.B.; An, G.J. Efficient Synthesis of Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers on Al-SBA-15 Catalysts with Different Si/Al Ratios and Pore Sizes. Energy Fuels 2017, 31, 279–286. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shang, C.; Wu, Z.X.; Wu, W.D.; Chen, X.D. Chemical Crosslinking Assembly of ZSM-5 Nanozeolites into Uniform and Hierarchically Porous Microparticles for High Performance Acid Catalysis. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 16693–16703. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Weingarten, R.; Tompsett, G.A.; Conner, W.C.; Huber, G.W. Design of solid acid catalysts for aqueous-phase dehydration of carbohydrates: The role of Lewis and Bronsted acid sites. J. Catal. 2011, 279, 174–182. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Newalkar, B.L.; Olanrewaju, J.; Komarneni, S. Direct synthesis of titanium-substituted mesoporous SBA-15 molecular sieve under microwave-hydrothermal conditions. Chem. Mat. 2001, 13, 552–557. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, S.; Han, Y.; Zou, Y.C.; Song, J.W.; Zhao, L.; Di, Y.; Liu, S.Z.; Xiao, F.S. Synthesis of heteroatom substituted SBA-15 by the "pH-adjusting" method. Chem. Mat. 2004, 16, 486–492. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cheng, M.J.; Wang, Z.B.; Sakurai, K.; Kumata, F.; Saito, T.; Komatsu, T.; Yashima, T. Creation of acid sites on SBA-15 mesoporous silica by alumination. Chem. Lett. 1999, 28, 131–132. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Han, Y.; Meng, X.J.; Guan, H.B.; Yu, Y.; Zhao, L.; Xu, X.Z.; Yang, X.Y.; Wu, S.; Li, N.; Xiao, F.S. Stable iron-incorporated mesoporous silica materials (MFS-9) prepared in strong acidic media. Microporous Mesoporous Mat. 2003, 57, 191–198. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Berry, J.D.; Neeson, M.J.; Dagastine, R.R.; Chan, D.Y.C.; Tabor, R.F. Measurement of surface and interfacial tension using pendant drop tensiometry. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2015, 454, 226–237. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rimer, J.D.; Fedeyko, J.M.; Vlachos, D.G.; Lobo, R.F. Silica self-assembly and the synthesis of microporous and mesoporous silicates. Chem. Eur. J. 2006, 12, 2926–2934. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bitar, A.; Ahmad, N.M.; Fessi, H.; Elaissari, A. Silica-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Drug Discov. Today 2012, 17, 1147–1154. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Meynen, V.; Cool, P.; Vansant, E.F. Verified syntheses of mesoporous materials. Microporous Mesoporous Mat. 2009, 125, 170–223. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Koller, H.; Weiss, M. Solid State NMR of Porous Materials. In Solid State Nmr; Chan, J.C.C., Ed.; Topics in Current Chemistry-Series; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2012; Volume 306, pp. 189–227. [Google Scholar]
- Xu, J.; Wang, Q.; Li, S.; Deng, F. Solid-State NMR Characterization of Framework Structure of Zeolites and Zeotype Materials. In Solid-State NMR in Zeolite Catalysis; Xu, J., Ed.; Springer: Singapore, 2019; Volume 103, pp. 99–107. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, J.G.; Li, F.; Zhou, H.J.; Sun, P.C.; Ding, D.T.; Chen, T.H. Silica Hollow Spheres with Ordered and Radially Oriented Amino-Functionalized Mesochannels. Chem. Mat. 2009, 21, 612–620. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chandran, C.V.; Kirschhock, C.E.A.; Radhakrishnan, S.; Taulelle, F.; Martens, J.A.; Breynaert, E. Alumina: Discriminative analysis using 3D correlation of solid-state NMR parameters. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2019, 48, 134–156. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, B.Q.; Yang, L.; Cao, J.X. The Influence of Impurities on the Dehydration and Conversion Process of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate to alpha-Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate in the Two-Step Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid Production. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2021, 9, 14365–14374. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Frazier, A.W.; Lehr, J.R.; Dillard, E.F. Chemical Behavior of Fluorine in Production of Wet-Process Phosphoric-Acid. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1977, 11, 1007–1014. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, J.F.; Wang, J.X.; Liu, R.J.; Shao, L.; Wen, L.X. Synthesis of porous silica structures with hollow interiors by templating nanosized calcium carbonate. Inorg. Chem. Commun. 2004, 7, 447–449. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, S.H.; Tseng, C.T.; Lin, Y.S.; Lin, C.H.; Hung, Y.; Mou, C.Y. Catalytic nano-rattle of Au@hollow silica: Towards a poison-resistant nanocatalyst. J. Mater. Chem. 2011, 21, 789–794. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, J.; Qiao, S.Z.; Hartono, S.B.; Lu, G.Q. Monodisperse Yolk-Shell Nanoparticles with a Hierarchical Porous Structure for Delivery Vehicles and Nanoreactors. Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. 2010, 49, 4981–4985. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sen, T.; Tiddy, G.J.T.; Casci, J.L.; Anderson, M.W. Meso-cellular silica foams, macro-cellular silica foams and mesoporous solids: A study of emulsion-mediated synthesis. Microporous Mesoporous Mat. 2005, 78, 255–263. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, S.N.; Zhang, M.C.; Wang, D.; Zhang, W.Q.; Liu, S.X. Synthesis of hollow mesoporous silica microspheres through surface sol-gel process on polystyrene-co-poly(4-vinylpyridine) core-shell microspheres. Microporous Mesoporous Mat. 2011, 139, 1–7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tan, L.F.; Liu, T.L.; Li, L.L.; Liu, H.Y.; Wu, X.L.; Gao, F.P.; He, X.L.; Meng, X.W.; Chen, D.; Tang, F.Q. Uniform double-shelled silica hollow spheres: Acid/base selective-etching synthesis and their drug delivery application. RSC Adv. 2013, 3, 5649–5655. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cho, Y.S. Fabrication of Hollow or Macroporous Silica Particles by Spray Drying of Colloidal Dispersion. J. Dispers. Sci. Technol. 2016, 37, 23–33. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Method | Raw Materials | Conditions | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Sodium silicate hydrolysis | Sodium silicate and template | Acid/alkaline environment, template removal | [35] |
TEOS hydrolysis | Ethyl orthosilicate and template | Acidic environment, template removal | [36,37] |
Stöber method | Base (ammonia, sodium hydroxide), silicon source (TEOS, TMS), and template | Alcohol solution, template removal | [31] |
Reverse microemulsion | Surfactant, co-surfactant, oil, water, and template | Microemulsion, template removal | [38] |
Selective etching | Silicon source (TEOS, TSD) | Specific pH and temperature | [39,40] |
Spray drying | Solvent diluted solution/emulsion | High temperature, dispersion | [41] |
Soft-templating | Hexafluorosilicic acid | Ambient conditions | this work |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Zhao, Z.; Liu, J.; Xi, X.; Wu, Y.; Zhang, J. Synthesis of Cellular Silica Using Microbubbles as Templates. Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 2794. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12162794
Zhao Z, Liu J, Xi X, Wu Y, Zhang J. Synthesis of Cellular Silica Using Microbubbles as Templates. Nanomaterials. 2022; 12(16):2794. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12162794
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Zirui, Jiamei Liu, Xifeng Xi, Yulong Wu, and Junshe Zhang. 2022. "Synthesis of Cellular Silica Using Microbubbles as Templates" Nanomaterials 12, no. 16: 2794. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12162794