Challenges of Periodontal Tissue Engineering: Increasing Biomimicry through 3D Printing and Controlled Dynamic Environment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Role of PDL Cells
3. Biomimetic Scaffolds to Reproduce the Micro-Environment of PDL
3.1. Cell Sheet Technology
3.2. The 3D Printing
3.2.1. Synthetic Polymers and Surface Modifications of Printed Scaffolds
3.2.2. Natural Polymers
3.2.3. Hydrogels
4. Mimicking the Physical Micro-Environment of PDL
4.1. Compression
4.1.1. Weight Method
4.1.2. Hydrostatic Pressure Method
4.1.3. Substrate Deformation Methods
4.2. Stretch
4.2.1. Substrate Deformation—Vacuum Approach
4.2.2. Substrate Deformation—Pulling Approach
4.2.3. Substrate Deformation—Inflation and Bending Approaches
4.3. Shear Stress
5. Future Perspectives
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Scaffold | Cell Type | Production Method | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
PGA or PCL+ βTCP | OBs, PDLSCs | Cell sheet technology | Periodontal complex | [50,51] |
Human tooth root | PDLSCs, HUVEC | Cell sheet technology | PDL fibers | [52] |
PCL | PDLSCs | 3D printing of fiber-guided scaffolds | Enhancement of the bone volume fraction and of tissue mineral density | [53,54] |
collagen/bioactive glass/chitosan membrane | PDLSCs | electrospinning | Periodontal complex | [55] |
PCL/PLGA+BMP-2,-7, CTGF | PDLSCs | 3D printing | Cementum-like layer formation | [56] |
iTE scaffold (core/shell fibrous super-assembled framework+ BMP-2, bFGF) | PDLSCs | iTE | Periodontal complex | [57] |
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Roato, I.; Masante, B.; Putame, G.; Massai, D.; Mussano, F. Challenges of Periodontal Tissue Engineering: Increasing Biomimicry through 3D Printing and Controlled Dynamic Environment. Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 3878. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12213878
Roato I, Masante B, Putame G, Massai D, Mussano F. Challenges of Periodontal Tissue Engineering: Increasing Biomimicry through 3D Printing and Controlled Dynamic Environment. Nanomaterials. 2022; 12(21):3878. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12213878
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoato, Ilaria, Beatrice Masante, Giovanni Putame, Diana Massai, and Federico Mussano. 2022. "Challenges of Periodontal Tissue Engineering: Increasing Biomimicry through 3D Printing and Controlled Dynamic Environment" Nanomaterials 12, no. 21: 3878. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12213878