Mechanically Enhanced Nanocrystalline Cellulose/Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polyethylene Glycol Electrically Conductive Composite Film
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Chemicals
2.2. Preparation of Graphene Oxide (GO)
2.3. Preparation of Nano-Microcrystalline Cellulose (NCC)
2.4. Preparation of Nanocrystalline Cellulose/Reduced Graphene Oxid/Polyethylene Glycol Composite Films (NCC/rGO/PEG)
2.5. Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
3.2. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)
3.3. X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
3.4. Thermogravimetric (TG)
3.5. Electrical Conductivity
3.6. Mechanical Property
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Composite Film | Thickness (μm) | NCC (wt.%) | rGO (wt.%) | PEG (wt.%) | NCC:GA:PEG |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
rGO | 28 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0:1:0 |
NCC/rGO | 26 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 1:1:0 |
NCC/rGO/PEG-1 | 24 | 37.5 | 37.5 | 25 | 1.5:1.5:1 |
NCC/rGO/PEG-2 | 22 | 31.9 | 25.5 | 42.5 | 1.3:1:1.7 |
NCC/rGO/PEG-3 | 22 | 27.6 | 16.6 | 55.5 | 2.5:1.5:5 |
NCC/rGO/PEG-4 | 21 | 24.6 | 9.8 | 65.6 | 1.5:0.6:4.1 |
Composite Film | Minimum ER (Ω·cm) | Maximum EC (S·m−1) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Graphite/regenerated cellulose film | 8.3 × 103 | [49] | |
Cellulose-indium tin oxide layered film | 2.5 × 103 | [50] | |
Nanocrystalline cellulose/modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes film | 653.6 | [51] | |
Graphene oxide/polyvinyl alcohol film | 146 | [52] | |
Electro-spinning oriented nanocellulose/carbon nanotubes/polyvinyl alcohol composite conductive film | 0.12 | [53] | |
Bacterial cellulose/halloysite nanotubes composite nanofiber film | 0.513 | [54] | |
Conductive cellulose nanofiber aerogels | 3.72 × 10−2 | [55] | |
Nanocellulosepolypyrrole composite | 1. 5 | [56] | |
Nanocellulose/polyaniline composite film | 2.6 × 10−3 | [57] | |
Graphene/cellulose composite fiber | 0.141 | [58] | |
Nanocrystalline cellulose- graphene- polyethylene glycol electrically film | 20.13 | 4.97 | This work |
Composite Film | Tensile Strength (Mpa) | Reference |
---|---|---|
nanocellulose-carboxylated carbon nanotube-graphite/polypyrrole flexible electrode composite | 28.90 | [63] |
nanocrystalline cellulose/graphene flexible film | 4.33 | [64] |
Cellulose Nanocrystal/Polyaniline/Dodecylbenzenesulfonic Acid film | 22 | [65] |
Cellulose nanocrystal/polyaniline composite film | 26.7 | [66] |
Chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanocrystalline film | 5.55 | [67] |
Sugar palm nanocellulose/sugar palm starch composite film | 10.68 | [68] |
Nanocrystalline cellulose- graphene- polyethylene glycol electrically film | 31.68 | This work |
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Xie, P.; Ge, Y.; Wang, Y.; Zhou, J.; Miao, Y.; Liu, Z. Mechanically Enhanced Nanocrystalline Cellulose/Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polyethylene Glycol Electrically Conductive Composite Film. Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 4371. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12244371
Xie P, Ge Y, Wang Y, Zhou J, Miao Y, Liu Z. Mechanically Enhanced Nanocrystalline Cellulose/Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polyethylene Glycol Electrically Conductive Composite Film. Nanomaterials. 2022; 12(24):4371. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12244371
Chicago/Turabian StyleXie, Pengbo, Ying Ge, Yida Wang, Jing Zhou, Yuanyuan Miao, and Zhenbo Liu. 2022. "Mechanically Enhanced Nanocrystalline Cellulose/Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polyethylene Glycol Electrically Conductive Composite Film" Nanomaterials 12, no. 24: 4371. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12244371