The Key Role of Tin (Sn) in Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti2SnC (M2AX) Thin Nanocrystalline Films and Powdered Polycrystalline Samples
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Synthesis of Ti2SnC M2AX PPSs
2.2. Synthesis of Ti2SnC TNCFs
2.3. Ion Beam Irradiation
2.4. Methods of Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Elemental Detection by Nuclear Analytical Methods
3.2. Morphology of Ti2SnC_AD, Ti2SnC_Ar+TNCFs, and Ti2SnC PPS Imaged by AFM and SEM
3.3. Structural Analysis of the Ti2SnC_AGTNCF with Atomic-Resolution STEM
3.4. Structural Analysis of the Ti2SnC_Ar+TNCF with Atomic-Resolution STEM
3.5. Mechanism of Irradiation-Induced Structural Transformation in Ti2SnC TNCFs
3.6. Structural Analysis of the Ti2SnC_PPS with HRTEM/SAED
3.7. Nanomechanical Properties Ti2SnC_AG, Ti2SnC_Ar+TNCFs and Ti2SnC_PPS
4. Conclusions
- In conclusion, the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti2SnC TNCFs, synthesized by an unconventional low-energy ion facility (LEIF) based on Ar+ ion beam sputtering of the Ti, Sn, and C targets have been investigated. Combining high-resolution HAADF-STEM analysis with simulations of SAED patterns, observed that Ti2SnC_AGTNCFs coexist with SnO due to oxidation of Sn during the preparation process. A significant microstructural instability was observed after irradiation of the Ti2SnC_AGTNCFs with Ar+ ion beam having an energy of 30 keV and fluence of 1.1015 cm−2. The results from simulated SEAD patterns are compatible with experimental HAADF-STEM analysis and have suggested the existence of a heterostructure composed of binary Ti0.98C carbide and metallic β-Sn, which could be attributed to the irradiation-induced instability of the ultrathin Ti2SnC film. In addition, Ar+ ion-beam irradiation-induced dislocation and point defects can provide channels for very fast Sn mass transport. The analysis by nanoindentation showed that the irradiated Ti2SnC TNCFs and irradiated Ti2SnC_PPS exhibited promising Young’s modulus and hardness even for the locally disordered structure in Ti2SnC TNCFs. This fact opens the possibility of exploiting the β-Sn/Ti0.98C structure as a composite where a harsh radiation environment could have occurred.
- HRTEM/SAED observations and XRD analyses of the Ti2SnC_PPS documented 70.4% of a single Ti2SnC phase. The calculated value for NPs size by Scherrer’s formula was estimated to be 120 nm. The presence of 9% of Sn avoided the formation of stable intermetallic impurities (Ti3Sn, Ti6Sn5, Ti2Sn, and Ti5Sn3) in Ti2SnC_PPS. The Ti2SnC_PPS irradiated yield the lowest hardness (H) when compared with Ti2SnC_PPS and unirradiated and irradiated Ti2SnC TNCFs. Probably, the low degree of nano crystallinity and tendency to agglomeration upon irradiation can contribute to the surface hardness of polycrystalline bulk materials.
- The approach here presented may be extendable to other M2AX nanostructured materials, and can keep attention for material science applications ranging from protective nanocoating films, ion-beam irradiation resistant parts for nuclear applications and nanoceramics, to their utilization as a precursor for MX phases.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | E(GPa) | H(GPa) |
---|---|---|
Ti2SnC_AGTNCF (film) | 87.7 | 2.48 |
Ti2SnC_Ar+TNCF (film) | 97.6 | 2.44 |
Ti2SnC_PPS pristine (bulk) | 104.9 | 2.56 |
Ti2SnC_PPS irradiated (bulk) | 100.8 | 2.08 |
Si substrate, ref. [17] | 166.6 | 15.3 |
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Bakardjieva, S.; Plocek, J.; Ismagulov, B.; Kupčík, J.; Vacík, J.; Ceccio, G.; Lavrentiev, V.; Němeček, J.; Michna, Š.; Klie, R. The Key Role of Tin (Sn) in Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti2SnC (M2AX) Thin Nanocrystalline Films and Powdered Polycrystalline Samples. Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12030307
Bakardjieva S, Plocek J, Ismagulov B, Kupčík J, Vacík J, Ceccio G, Lavrentiev V, Němeček J, Michna Š, Klie R. The Key Role of Tin (Sn) in Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti2SnC (M2AX) Thin Nanocrystalline Films and Powdered Polycrystalline Samples. Nanomaterials. 2022; 12(3):307. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12030307
Chicago/Turabian StyleBakardjieva, Snejana, Jiří Plocek, Bauyrzhan Ismagulov, Jaroslav Kupčík, Jiří Vacík, Giovanni Ceccio, Vasily Lavrentiev, Jiří Němeček, Štefan Michna, and Robert Klie. 2022. "The Key Role of Tin (Sn) in Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti2SnC (M2AX) Thin Nanocrystalline Films and Powdered Polycrystalline Samples" Nanomaterials 12, no. 3: 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12030307