The Photocatalytic Performance of Nd2O3 Doped CuO Nanoparticles with Enhanced Methylene Blue Degradation: Synthesis, Characterization and Comparative Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Techniques
2.1. Synthesis of Nd2O3 Doped CuO Nanostructured
2.2. Characterization Techniques and Devices
2.3. Photocatalytic Performance of Nd2O3 Doped CuO Nanopowders
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. XRD of the Prepared Nanostructured Nd2O3 Doped CuO
3.2. FESEM Analysis of Nd2O3 Doped CuO Nanostructured
3.3. DLS of Nanostructured Nd2O3 Doped CuO
3.4. Photocatalysis Using Nanostructured Nd2O3 Doped CuO
3.4.1. Effect of Nd+3 Doping
3.4.2. Influence of H2O2 Concentration of 7.5% Nd2O3 Doped CuO Nanoparticle
3.4.3. Effect of pH on 7.5% Nd2O3 Doped CuO Nanoparticle
3.4.4. Effect of Fenton and Photo-Fenton on MB Photodegradation
3.4.5. Comparison of the Photocatalytic Activity of Several Compounds Based on CuO
3.4.6. Reusability and Stability
3.4.7. Influence of Radicals’ Scavengers on Photocatalytic Activity
3.4.8. Mechanism of Photocatalysis for Nd2O3 Doped CuO Nanostructured
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Line | Position, 2θ | Intensity (Counts) | Line | Position, 2θ | Intensity (Counts) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pure CuO | 1 | 35.6 | 901 | 5 | 58.3152 | 149 |
1% Nd2O3-doped CuO | 784 | 119 | ||||
2.5% Nd2O3-doped CuO | 580 | 88 | ||||
5% Nd2O3-doped CuO | 507 | 64 | ||||
7.5% Nd2O3-doped CuO | 364 | 51 | ||||
10% Nd2O3-doped CuO | 286 | 40 | ||||
Pure CuO | 2 | 38.7 | 982 | 6 | 61.6 | 245 |
1% Nd2O3-doped CuO | 803 | 197 | ||||
2.5% Nd2O3-doped CuO | 624 | 148 | ||||
5% Nd2O3-doped CuO | 507 | 121 | ||||
7.5% Nd2O3-doped CuO | 350 | 76 | ||||
10% Nd2O3-doped CuO | 281 | 67 | ||||
Pure CuO | 3 | 48.8 | 311 | 7 | 66.3 | 211 |
1% Nd2O3-doped CuO | 241 | 152 | ||||
2.5% Nd2O3-doped CuO | 182 | 116 | ||||
5% Nd2O3-doped CuO | 156 | 90 | ||||
7.5% Nd2O3-doped CuO | 96 | 41 | ||||
10% Nd2O3-doped CuO | 72 | 53 | ||||
Pure CuO | 4 | 53.5 | 104 | 8 | 68.0 | 203 |
1% Nd2O3-doped CuO | 71 | 158 | ||||
2.5% Nd2O3-doped CuO | 47 | 109 | ||||
5% Nd2O3-doped CuO | 32 | 77 | ||||
7.5% Nd2O3-doped CuO | 25 | 54 | ||||
10% Nd2O3-doped CuO | 10 | 52 |
Samples | Phases | Mean Values of the Grain Size, (nm) | Mean Values of Dislocation Density, (nm)2 | Mean Values of Lattice Strain |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pure CuO | Phase1, Pure CuO | 29.687 | 1.262 × 10−3 | 1.213 × 10−3 |
1% Nd-doped CuO | Phase1, Pure CuO | 22.089 | 2.089 × 10−3 | 1.579 × 10−3 |
Phase 2, Nd2O3 | 36.744 | 1.187 × 10−3 | 1.124 × 10−3 | |
2.5% Nd-doped CuO | Phase1, Pure CuO | 30.969 | 1.582 × 10−3 | 1.305 × 10−3 |
Phase 2, Nd2O3 | 27.180 | 1.636 × 10−3 | 1.356 × 10−3 | |
5% Nd-doped CuO | Phase1, Pure CuO | 26.809 | 1.679 × 10−3 | 1.384 × 10−3 |
Phase 2, Nd2O3 | 35.557 | 9.307 × 10−3 | 1.033 × 10−3 | |
7.5% Nd-doped CuO | Phase 1, Pure CuO | 30.109 | 1.439 × 10−3 | 1.267 × 10−3 |
Phase 2, Nd2O3 | 30.154 | 1.315 × 10−3 | 1.218 × 10−3 | |
10% Nd-doped CuO | Phase1, Pure CuO | 27.295 | 2.141 × 10−3 | 1.522 × 10−3 |
Phase 2, Nd2O3 | 36.609 | 1.518 × 10−3 | 1.208 × 10−3 | |
Sample | Particle Size Average Value (nm) |
---|---|
CuO | 19 |
1%Nd2O3 | 22 |
2.5%Nd2O3 | 39 |
5%Nd2O3 | 36 |
7.5%Nd2O3 | 17 |
10%Nd2O3 | 26 |
Samples | K, (min−1) |
---|---|
Pure CuO | 0.01683 |
1% Nd2O3-CuO | 0.01743 |
2.5% Nd2O3-CuO | 0.02122 |
5% Nd2O3-CuO | 0.01672 |
7.5% Nd2O3-CuO | 0.02274 |
10% Nd2O3-CuO | 0.01935 |
7.5% Nd2O3-CuO, 1 mL H2O2 | 0.00304 |
7.5% Nd2O3-CuO, 2 mL H2O2 | 0.00313 |
7.5% Nd2O3-CuO, 3 mL H2O2 | 0.00312 |
7.5% Nd2O3-CuO, 4 mL H2O2 | 0.00697 |
7.5% Nd2O3-CuO, 5 mL H2O2 | 0.0114 |
7.5% Nd2O3-CuO, 2 mL H2O2, pH = 2 | 0.00161 |
7.5% Nd2O3-CuO, 2 mL H2O2, pH = 4 | 0.00115 |
7.5% Nd2O3-CuO, 2 mL H2O2, pH = 6 | 0.03666 |
7.5% Nd2O3-CuO, 2 mL H2O2, pH = 8 | 0.05734 |
7.5% Nd2O3-CuO, 2 mL H2O2, pH = 10 | 0.08209 |
Photocatalysts | Method of Preparation | Organic Solution | Irradiation Time | Lamp Source | % Degradation | k, (min−1) | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7.5% Nd-doped CuO | Combustion | MB | 80 min | Visible light | 90.8% | 0.0227 | Present work |
7.5% Nd-doped CuO at pH 4 | Combustion | MB | 80 min | Visible light | 99% | 0.082 | Present work |
Nd2O3-doped ZnO | Hydrothermal method | MB | 60 min | UV-light | 96% | 0.3145 | [30] |
Ag/Nd2O3-ZnO | Hydrothermal method | MB | 30 min | Visible-light | 98.12% | ------- | [17] |
Nd2O3-doped SnO2 | Sol gel method | MB | 4 h | Visible-light | 93.1% | 0.615 h−1 | [31] |
Nd2O3-doped ZnO | Co-precipitation | indigo carmine | 210 min | Visible-light | 74% | 3.87 × 10−3 | [32] |
Nd2O3-ZnO-GO (0.3% Nd) | Co-precipitation | indigo carmine | 210 min | Visible-light | 95% | 1.36 × 10−2 | [32] |
Nd–TiO2–GO (0.6% Nd) | Sol gel method | indigo carmine | 180 min | Visible-light | 92% | 13.42 × 10−3 | [33] |
Nd-doped ZnO | Sol-gel method | MB | 25 min | UV-light | 98% | ------- | [34] |
3 mol%Ce3+-doped CuO | Sonochemical method | MB | 180 min | Visible-light | 98% | ------- | [35] |
Nd-TiO2-C | Sol-gel and impregnation method | MB | 160 min | UV-light | 100% | -------- | [36] |
Nd-doped ZnO | sol-gel method | TC | 120 min | Visible-light | 100% | -------- | [37] |
CuO | Microwave | VB(10−5 M) DR(10−5 M) | ------- | UV-visible irradiation and US radiations | 100% | 0.09861 0.10587 | [26] |
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El-Sayed, F.; Hussien, M.S.A.; Mohammed, M.I.; Ganesh, V.; AlAbdulaal, T.H.; Zahran, H.Y.; Yahia, I.S.; Hegazy, H.H.; Abdel-wahab, M.S.; Shkir, M.; et al. The Photocatalytic Performance of Nd2O3 Doped CuO Nanoparticles with Enhanced Methylene Blue Degradation: Synthesis, Characterization and Comparative Study. Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 1060. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12071060
El-Sayed F, Hussien MSA, Mohammed MI, Ganesh V, AlAbdulaal TH, Zahran HY, Yahia IS, Hegazy HH, Abdel-wahab MS, Shkir M, et al. The Photocatalytic Performance of Nd2O3 Doped CuO Nanoparticles with Enhanced Methylene Blue Degradation: Synthesis, Characterization and Comparative Study. Nanomaterials. 2022; 12(7):1060. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12071060
Chicago/Turabian StyleEl-Sayed, Fatma, Mai S. A. Hussien, Mervat I. Mohammed, Vanga Ganesh, Thekrayat H. AlAbdulaal, Heba Y. Zahran, Ibrahim S. Yahia, Hosam H. Hegazy, Mohamed Sh. Abdel-wahab, Mohd. Shkir, and et al. 2022. "The Photocatalytic Performance of Nd2O3 Doped CuO Nanoparticles with Enhanced Methylene Blue Degradation: Synthesis, Characterization and Comparative Study" Nanomaterials 12, no. 7: 1060. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12071060