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Nanomaterials
Volume 12
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10.3390/nano12091612
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Article

Micro- and Nanofibrillated Cellulose from Annual Plant-Sourced Fibers: Comparison between Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Mechanical Refining

by
Roberto Aguado
1,*,
Quim Tarrés
1,
Maria Àngels Pèlach
1,
Pere Mutjé
1,
Elena de la Fuente
2,
José L. Sanchez-Salvador
2,
Carlos Negro
2 and
Marc Delgado-Aguilar
1
1
LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
2
Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(9), 1612; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12091612
Submission received: 11 April 2022 / Revised: 2 May 2022 / Accepted: 6 May 2022 / Published: 9 May 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation, Characterization and Industrial Application of Nanocellulose)
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Abstract

The current trends in micro-/nanofibers offer a new and unmissable chance for the recovery of cellulose from non-woody crops. This work assesses a technically feasible approach for the production of micro- and nanofibrillated cellulose (MNFC) from jute, sisal and hemp, involving refining and enzymatic hydrolysis as pretreatments. Regarding the latter, only slight enhancements of nanofibrillation, transparency and specific surface area were recorded when increasing the dose of endoglucanases from 80 to 240 mg/kg. This supports the idea that highly ordered cellulose structures near the fiber wall are resistant to hydrolysis and hinder the diffusion of glucanases. Mechanical MNFC displayed the highest aspect ratio, up to 228 for hemp. Increasing the number of homogenization cycles increased the apparent viscosity in most cases, up to 0.14 Pa·s at 100 s−1 (1 wt.% consistency). A shear-thinning behavior, more marked for MNFC from jute and sisal, was evidenced in all cases. We conclude that, since both the raw material and the pretreatment play a major role, the unique characteristics of non-woody MNFC, either mechanical or enzymatically pretreated (low dose), make it worth considering for large-scale processes.
Keywords: enzymatic hydrolysis; hemp; jute; mechanical pretreatments; nanocellulose; nanofibers; non-wood cellulose; sisal enzymatic hydrolysis; hemp; jute; mechanical pretreatments; nanocellulose; nanofibers; non-wood cellulose; sisal
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MDPI and ACS Style

Aguado, R.; Tarrés, Q.; Pèlach, M.À.; Mutjé, P.; de la Fuente, E.; Sanchez-Salvador, J.L.; Negro, C.; Delgado-Aguilar, M. Micro- and Nanofibrillated Cellulose from Annual Plant-Sourced Fibers: Comparison between Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Mechanical Refining. Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 1612. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12091612

AMA Style

Aguado R, Tarrés Q, Pèlach MÀ, Mutjé P, de la Fuente E, Sanchez-Salvador JL, Negro C, Delgado-Aguilar M. Micro- and Nanofibrillated Cellulose from Annual Plant-Sourced Fibers: Comparison between Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Mechanical Refining. Nanomaterials. 2022; 12(9):1612. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12091612

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aguado, Roberto, Quim Tarrés, Maria Àngels Pèlach, Pere Mutjé, Elena de la Fuente, José L. Sanchez-Salvador, Carlos Negro, and Marc Delgado-Aguilar. 2022. "Micro- and Nanofibrillated Cellulose from Annual Plant-Sourced Fibers: Comparison between Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Mechanical Refining" Nanomaterials 12, no. 9: 1612. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12091612

APA Style

Aguado, R., Tarrés, Q., Pèlach, M. À., Mutjé, P., de la Fuente, E., Sanchez-Salvador, J. L., Negro, C., & Delgado-Aguilar, M. (2022). Micro- and Nanofibrillated Cellulose from Annual Plant-Sourced Fibers: Comparison between Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Mechanical Refining. Nanomaterials, 12(9), 1612. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12091612

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