Crosswise Stream of Cu-H2O Nanofluid with Micro Rotation Effects: Heat Transfer Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Problem Formulation
Physical Measures of Concern
3. Numerical Solution
4. Discussion and Results
5. Conclusions
- Material constant and nanoparticles volume fraction depicts the opposite influence on tangential and normal profiles of velocity.
- Higher temperature profiles are witnessed when low concentration is considered.
- Magnitude of shear stress and heat transfer rate at elongating surface elevated with .
- Material parameter has increasingly influenced the shear stress and rate of heat transfer.
- Normal velocity profile is higher in magnitude for the case of strong concentration of microelements, whereas tangential velocity profile is higher near the surface for the case of weak concentration of microelements.
- An increase of 3.74% in heat flux is observed when the volume fraction of nanoparticles is increased from 1 to 5%.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
-component of velocity | |
-component of velocity | |
Temperature | |
Wall temperature | |
Ambient temperature | |
Pressure | |
Cartesian coordinates along the stretching surface and normal to it | |
Specific heat | |
Vortex viscosity | |
Micropolar strengthening parameter | |
Micro inertia density | |
Stretching ratio parameter | |
Micro element concentration | |
Micro-rotation vector | |
Variable viscosity parameter | |
Prandtl number | |
Greek Symbols | |
Solid volume fraction of nanoparticles | |
Reference viscosity | |
Kinematics viscosity | |
Density | |
Flow obliqueness parameter | |
Dynamic viscosity | |
Subscripts | |
Base fluid | |
Nanoparticles | |
Nanofluid |
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Thermo-Physical Properties | |||
---|---|---|---|
4179 | 997.1 | 0.613 | |
385 | 8933 | 400 |
0.01 | −1.01321 | 1.80220 | 0.1 | −1.47192 | 1.95798 |
0.05 | −1.21460 | 1.86971 | 1.5 | −1.70149 | 2.01619 |
0.1 | −1.47192 | 1.95798 | 2 | −1.74958 | 2.03035 |
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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Mehmood, R.; Tabassum, R.; Ali, M.R.; Muhammad, T. Crosswise Stream of Cu-H2O Nanofluid with Micro Rotation Effects: Heat Transfer Analysis. Nanomaterials 2023, 13, 471. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13030471
Mehmood R, Tabassum R, Ali MR, Muhammad T. Crosswise Stream of Cu-H2O Nanofluid with Micro Rotation Effects: Heat Transfer Analysis. Nanomaterials. 2023; 13(3):471. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13030471
Chicago/Turabian StyleMehmood, Rashid, Rabil Tabassum, Mohamed R. Ali, and Taseer Muhammad. 2023. "Crosswise Stream of Cu-H2O Nanofluid with Micro Rotation Effects: Heat Transfer Analysis" Nanomaterials 13, no. 3: 471. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13030471