Carbon Nanotube-Supported Dummy Template Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Adsorption of Amide Herbicides in Aquatic Products
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals Reagents and Standard
2.2. Standard Solution Preparation
2.3. Preparation of Fish Samples and Spiked Samples
2.4. Preparation of CNTs@DMIPs
2.5. Sample Extraction and Clean-Up
2.6. Selective Adsorption of AmideH
2.7. LC-QqQMS
2.8. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characterization Results
3.2. Scatchard Analysis
3.3. Adsorption Kinetics
3.4. Selectivity
3.5. Extraction Conditions Optimisation
3.6. Matrix Effect
3.7. Method Validation
3.8. Applications to Fish Assays
3.9. Comparison with Other Methods
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Recognized Molecule | CNTs@DMIPs | CNTs@DNIPs | β | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
δ | α | δ | α | ||
alachlor | 82.20 | 10.72 | 21.57 | 5.14 | 2.09 |
acetochlor | 68.33 | 8.91 | 29.53 | 7.03 | 1.27 |
pretilachlor | 72.80 | 9.49 | 20.80 | 4.95 | 1.92 |
butachlor | 73.53 | 9.59 | 21.17 | 5.04 | 1.90 |
metolachlor | 81.70 | 10.65 | 17.23 | 4.10 | 2.60 |
diethatylethyl | 79.90 | 10.42 | 15.73 | 3.75 | 2.78 |
dimethachlor | 91.80 | 11.97 | 27.77 | 6.61 | 1.81 |
atrazine | 7.67 | - | 4.20 | - | - |
Amide Herbicides | Linearity μgkg−1 | LOD μgkg−1 | LOQ μgkg−1 | Spiked Level 0.05 μgkg−1 | Spiked Level 1.0 μgkg−1 | Spiked Level 2.0 μgkg−1 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Recovery (%) | RSD (%) | Recovery (%) | RSD (%) | Recovery (%) | RSD (%) | ||||
alachlor | 0.05–2.5 | 0.025 | 0.05 | 95.83 | 4.16 | 94.68 | 1.58 | 94.74 | 4.52 |
acetochlor | 0.025–2.5 | 0.0125 | 0.025 | 98.90 | 3.35 | 93.02 | 3.31 | 104.02 | 5.60 |
pretilachlor | 0.025–2.5 | 0.0125 | 0.025 | 100.70 | 2.55 | 96.47 | 3.77 | 102.51 | 4.79 |
butachlor | 0.05–2.5 | 0.025 | 0.05 | 90.74 | 6.28 | 87.34 | 3.97 | 86.90 | 4.74 |
metolachlor | 0.025–2.5 | 0.0125 | 0.025 | 94.65 | 4.36 | 86.96 | 3.85 | 98.93 | 1.31 |
diethatyl ethyl | 0.05–2.5 | 0.025 | 0.05 | 98.55 | 6.55 | 101.47 | 3.58 | 100.02 | 1.58 |
dimethachlor | 0.025–2.5 | 0.0125 | 0.025 | 94.92 | 6.30 | 91.12 | 4.33 | 93.23 | 6.14 |
Extraction | Clean-Up | Determination | Sample | Analytical | LOD (μgkg−1) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction | QuEChERS | GC-MS | Oilseeds | Alachlor, acetochlor | 0.07–0.7 | [5] |
Dispersive SPE | SPE | LC-MS/MS | Honey | Metolachlor | 0.1 | [6] |
Shaking | QuEChERS | LC-MS/MS | Chicken eggs | Butachlor, acetochlor | 0.2 | [7] |
Shaking | SPE | LC-MS | Cereal grain | Metazachlor | 0.08 | [8] |
Dispersive SPE | Multiplug filtration clean-up. | GC-MS/MS | Leeks | Alachlor, butachlor, acetochlor | 1.7–2.6 | [9] |
Reversed-dispersive SPE | Multiplug filtration clean-up. | LC-MS/MS | Peanut | Acetochlor | 2.0 | [10] |
MSPD | CNTs@DMIPs | LC-MS/MS | Fish | Alachlor, acetochlor, pretilachlor, butachlor, metolachlor, diethatyl ethyl, dimethachlor | 0.0125– 0.025 | Proposed method |
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Zeng, S.; Li, C.; Huang, L.; Chen, Z.; Wang, P.; Qin, D.; Gao, L. Carbon Nanotube-Supported Dummy Template Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Adsorption of Amide Herbicides in Aquatic Products. Nanomaterials 2023, 13, 1521. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13091521
Zeng S, Li C, Huang L, Chen Z, Wang P, Qin D, Gao L. Carbon Nanotube-Supported Dummy Template Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Adsorption of Amide Herbicides in Aquatic Products. Nanomaterials. 2023; 13(9):1521. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13091521
Chicago/Turabian StyleZeng, Sili, Chenhui Li, Li Huang, Zhongxiang Chen, Peng Wang, Dongli Qin, and Lei Gao. 2023. "Carbon Nanotube-Supported Dummy Template Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Adsorption of Amide Herbicides in Aquatic Products" Nanomaterials 13, no. 9: 1521. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13091521