Investigation of the Crystallographic Evolution Sequence of Nano-Precipitation via HRTEM in Cu-Bearing Ultra-Low Carbon Steel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Microstructure Characterization
3.2. HRTEM Observations
3.3. Mechanical Properties
3.4. The Crystallographic Evolution Sequence
3.5. Influence of Processing on Precipitation
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- There were two crystallographic evolution paths for the morphology and crystal structure changes during the precipitation process: B2→multi twin 9R→detwined 9R→FCT→FCC and B2→multi-twin 9R→detwinned 9R→3R→FCT→FCC. Through the simultaneous existence of 9R, 3R, and FCT structures in the same precipitated particles, it was proven that the evolution sequence of precipitates in Cu-bearing ultra-low carbon steel could have a stable 3R structure.
- (2)
- In addition, the morphology of the precipitated particles during the growth process changed from spherical to ellipsoidal and then to rod-shaped. By observing the nano-precipitates during different heat treatment processes, the structures of B2, 9R, 3R, and FCT were accurately determined.
- (3)
- By analyzing the microstructure and mechanical properties of the steel at different heat treatment processes, it was found that nano-precipitation could effectively improve the yield strength of Cu-bearing ultra-low carbon steel. Statistical analysis of the size and distribution characteristics of precipitation particles revealed that the yield strength of the steel reached its maximum when the precipitation size was mainly 9R structure between 12 and 26 nm.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Heat Treatment Time/h | Average Size/nm | Number Density/m−3 |
---|---|---|
0.5 | 18.5 ± 3.18 | (2.08 ± 0.5) × 1021 |
1 | 18.6 ± 2.9 | (1.78 ± 0.43) × 1021 |
2 | 28.4 ± 4.8 | (1.59 ± 0.39) × 1021 |
2.5 | 29.2 ± 5.38 | (8.36 ± 2.04) × 1020 |
Tempering Time/h | YS/MPa | UTS/MPa | Elongation/% |
---|---|---|---|
0.5 h | 678 | 721 | 22.9 |
1 h | 688 | 724 | 24.7 |
2 h | 650 | 693 | 24 |
2.5 h | 656 | 698 | 25 |
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Zhang, W.; Gao, Z.; Wei, H.; Zhang, H.; Chen, Z.; Xue, W.; Shen, Y.; Liu, Z. Investigation of the Crystallographic Evolution Sequence of Nano-Precipitation via HRTEM in Cu-Bearing Ultra-Low Carbon Steel. Nanomaterials 2024, 14, 1335. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14161335
Zhang W, Gao Z, Wei H, Zhang H, Chen Z, Xue W, Shen Y, Liu Z. Investigation of the Crystallographic Evolution Sequence of Nano-Precipitation via HRTEM in Cu-Bearing Ultra-Low Carbon Steel. Nanomaterials. 2024; 14(16):1335. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14161335
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Weina, Zhanjie Gao, Hao Wei, Huimin Zhang, Zejin Chen, Wenying Xue, Yongfeng Shen, and Zhenyu Liu. 2024. "Investigation of the Crystallographic Evolution Sequence of Nano-Precipitation via HRTEM in Cu-Bearing Ultra-Low Carbon Steel" Nanomaterials 14, no. 16: 1335. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14161335