Optimization of Cyanide-Free Composite Electrodeposition Based on π-π Interactions Preparation of Silver-Graphene Composite Coatings for Electrical Contact Materials
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of Coating
2.2. Preparation of Electrical Contacts
2.3. Characterization and Test Methods
2.3.1. Characterization Methods
2.3.2. Mechanical Property Test Methods
2.3.3. Tribological Performance Test Methods
2.3.4. Combined Performance Test Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Coating Morphology
3.2. Dispersion of Graphene on Coating
3.3. Mechanical Properties of Coating
3.4. Tribological Properties of Coating
3.5. Overall Properties of the Coating
3.6. Composite Electrodeposition Mechanism
4. Conclusions
5. Patents
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Composition and Conditions | Ag Plating Solution (Nicotinic Acid) | Ag-G Composite Plating Solution (Nicotinic Acid) | Ag-G Composite Plating Solution (Sodium Thiosulfate) |
---|---|---|---|
AgNO3 (Silver nitrate) | 45 g/L | 45 g/L | 45 g/L |
C6H5NO2 (Nicotinic acid) | 100 g/L | 100 g/L | / |
CH3COONH4 (Ammonium acetate) | 77 g/L | 77 g/L | / |
K2CO3 (Potassium carbonate anhydrous) | 70 g/L | 70 g/L | / |
KOH (Potassium hydroxide) | 45 g/L | 45 g/L | / |
NH3·H2O (Ammonia solution) | 32 mL/L | 32 mL/L | / |
Na2S2O3 (Sodium thiosulfate) | / | / | 250 g/L |
K2S2O5 (Potassium disulfite) | / | / | 45 g/L |
CH5N3S (Thiosemicarbazide) | / | / | 0.6 g/L |
(CH2CH2NH)n (Ethylene imine polymer) | / | / | 0.6 g/L |
C12H25SO4Na (Sodium dodecyl sulfate) | / | 0.05 g/L | 0.05 g/L |
C12H25SO3Na (Sodium laurylsulfonate) | / | 0.05 g/L | 0.05 g/L |
HO(CH2CH2O)nH (Polyethylene glycol 400) | / | 0.05 g/L | 0.05 g/L |
Graphene | / | 0.5 g/L | 0.5 g/L |
Temperature | 25 ± 1 °C | 25 ± 1 °C | 25 ± 1 °C |
pH | 9.5–10.0 | 9.5–10.0 | 6.0–7.0 |
Current density | 0.24 A/dm2 | 0.24 A/dm2 | 0.24 A/dm2 |
Electrolyte agitation | 300 rpm | 300 rpm | 300 rpm |
Deposition thickness | 13–16 μm | 13–16 μm | 13–16 μm |
Anode | Ag | Ag | Ag |
Crystal Face | 2θ (°) | β (°) | D (nm) | δ × 10−3 (nm−2) | Coating |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(111) | 38.50529 | 0.44091 | 18.87275 | 2.80756 | Ag |
(200) | 44.72020 | 0.47910 | 17.73013 | 3.18109 | Ag |
(220) | 64.85535 | 0.56278 | 16.53768 | 3.65637 | Ag |
(311) | 77.75365 | 0.66403 | 15.19660 | 4.33018 | Ag |
(111) | 38.38691 | 0.54018 | 15.39892 | 4.21715 | Ag-G |
(200) | 44.55782 | 0.53871 | 15.75906 | 4.02660 | Ag-G |
(220) | 64.80095 | 0.59909 | 15.53067 | 4.14590 | Ag-G |
(311) | 77.71745 | 0.68990 | 14.62303 | 4.67654 | Ag-G |
Coating Layer | Pure Ag Coating | Ag-G Composite Coating | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Roughness degree | Cathode | Anode | Cathode | Anode |
(Unit: μm) | 3.583 | 4.525 | 3.182 | 3.491 |
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Sun, L.; Chen, X.; Zhou, M.; Gao, J.; Luo, C.; Li, X.; You, S.; Wang, M.; Cheng, G. Optimization of Cyanide-Free Composite Electrodeposition Based on π-π Interactions Preparation of Silver-Graphene Composite Coatings for Electrical Contact Materials. Nanomaterials 2024, 14, 1349. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14161349
Sun L, Chen X, Zhou M, Gao J, Luo C, Li X, You S, Wang M, Cheng G. Optimization of Cyanide-Free Composite Electrodeposition Based on π-π Interactions Preparation of Silver-Graphene Composite Coatings for Electrical Contact Materials. Nanomaterials. 2024; 14(16):1349. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14161349
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Luyi, Xin Chen, Ming Zhou, Jingwei Gao, Chaogui Luo, Xiao Li, Shengli You, Mingyue Wang, and Gangqiang Cheng. 2024. "Optimization of Cyanide-Free Composite Electrodeposition Based on π-π Interactions Preparation of Silver-Graphene Composite Coatings for Electrical Contact Materials" Nanomaterials 14, no. 16: 1349. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14161349