Electrochemical Sensor Based on Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Carbon Nanohorns (SWCNH) for Determination of Cr(VI) via Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (AdCSV) in Tap Water
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Solutions
2.2. Apparatus
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. Preparation of SWCNH/GCE
2.3.2. Analytical Procedure for the Determination of Cr(VI)
2.4. Sample Treatment
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of SWCNH and GC/SWCNH by SEM
3.2. Electrochemical Characterization of the GCE and SWCNH/GCE
3.3. Electrochemical Determination of Cr(VI)
3.3.1. Supporting Electrolyte Study
3.3.2. Effect of the Volume of SWCNH Suspension
3.3.3. Effect of Potential and Time of Accumulation
3.3.4. Voltammetric Response of Cr(VI)
3.4. Analytical Validation and Applications
3.4.1. Calibration Curve, Limit of Detection, and Quantification
3.4.2. Repeatability, Reproducibility, and Effect of Interferents
3.4.3. Accuracy
3.4.4. Real Sample Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Electrode | Technique | μg L−1 | Sample | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lineal Range | LOD | ||||
Film of Au/polyethylene-technical carbon | LSV | 20 to 2000 | 4.4 | River water | [26] |
Pyridine functionalized AuNPs/3D RGO/GCE | AdSV | 25 to 300 | 1.2 | Waste water | [27] |
MWCNTs-NR-AuNPs/SPCE | LSV | 21 to 4160 | 1.3 | Tea, milk and mineral water | [28] |
QH2/MWCNT/SPCE | DPV | 52 to 10,400 | 15.6 | Tap, Mineral and River water | [29] |
AuNP/MWCNT-Chit/GCE | DPV | 0.003 to 0.1 | 0.007 | Tap water | [32] |
rGO/NiS/AuNCs/GCE | SWASV | 2 to 14 | 0.09 | Ground water | [35] |
T-GO-C/GCE | SWV | 5 to 600 | 20 | Tap and tannery water | [36] |
SWCNH/GCE | AdCSV | 20 to 100 | 3.5 | Tap water | This work |
Sample | Cr(VI) Concentration (µg L−1) | Recovery (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Added | Measurement | ||
Spiked sample | 20.0 | 21.0 ± 1.8 | 105 |
30.0 | 33.0 ± 2.4 | 110 |
Samples | FAAS | AdCSV | t de Student |
---|---|---|---|
(μg L−1) | |||
Tap water | ND | ND | - |
Spiked tap water | 31.4 ± 0.7 | 33.0 ± 2.4 | 1.09 |
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Liendo, F.; Pichún, B.; Vega, A.P.d.l.; Penagos, J.; Serrano, N.; Díaz-Cruz, J.M.; Pizarro, J.; Segura, R.; Aguirre, M.J. Electrochemical Sensor Based on Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Carbon Nanohorns (SWCNH) for Determination of Cr(VI) via Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (AdCSV) in Tap Water. Nanomaterials 2024, 14, 1465. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14171465
Liendo F, Pichún B, Vega APdl, Penagos J, Serrano N, Díaz-Cruz JM, Pizarro J, Segura R, Aguirre MJ. Electrochemical Sensor Based on Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Carbon Nanohorns (SWCNH) for Determination of Cr(VI) via Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (AdCSV) in Tap Water. Nanomaterials. 2024; 14(17):1465. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14171465
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiendo, Fabiana, Bryan Pichún, Amaya Paz de la Vega, Johisner Penagos, Núria Serrano, José Manuel Díaz-Cruz, Jaime Pizarro, Rodrigo Segura, and María Jesús Aguirre. 2024. "Electrochemical Sensor Based on Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Carbon Nanohorns (SWCNH) for Determination of Cr(VI) via Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (AdCSV) in Tap Water" Nanomaterials 14, no. 17: 1465. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14171465