Systematic Study of Reaction Conditions for Size-Controlled Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles

Vörös-Horváth, Barbara; Salem, Ala’; Kovács, Barna; Széchenyi, Aleksandar; Pál, Szilárd

doi:10.3390/nano14191561

Open AccessArticle

Systematic Study of Reaction Conditions for Size-Controlled Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles

by

Barbara Vörös-Horváth

^1,2,

Ala’ Salem

^1,3,

Barna Kovács

¹,

Aleksandar Széchenyi

^1,4,*

and

Szilárd Pál

¹

Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary

²

Quality Systems Department 3, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, H-1475 Budapest, Hungary

³

Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK

⁴

Green Chemistry Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Nanomaterials 2024, 14(19), 1561; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14191561

Submission received: 30 August 2024 / Revised: 23 September 2024 / Accepted: 24 September 2024 / Published: 27 September 2024

(This article belongs to the Section Synthesis, Interfaces and Nanostructures)

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Abstract

This study presents a reproducible and scalable method for synthesizing silica nanoparticles (SNPs) with controlled sizes below 200 nm, achieved by systematically varying three key reaction parameters: ammonium hydroxide concentration, water concentration, and temperature. SNPs with high monodispersity and controlled dimensions were produced by optimizing these factors. The results indicated a direct correlation between ammonium hydroxide concentration and particle size, while higher temperatures resulted in smaller particles with increased polydispersity. Water concentration also influenced particle size, with a quadratic relationship observed. This method provides a robust approach for tailoring SNP sizes, with significant implications for biomedical applications, particularly in drug delivery and diagnostics. Using eco-friendly solvents such as ethanol further enhances the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of the process.

Keywords: silica nanoparticles; nanoparticle synthesis; particle size control; Stöber method; ammonium hydroxide concentration; water concentration; temperature effect

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MDPI and ACS Style

Vörös-Horváth, B.; Salem, A.; Kovács, B.; Széchenyi, A.; Pál, S. Systematic Study of Reaction Conditions for Size-Controlled Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials 2024, 14, 1561. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14191561

AMA Style

Vörös-Horváth B, Salem A, Kovács B, Széchenyi A, Pál S. Systematic Study of Reaction Conditions for Size-Controlled Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials. 2024; 14(19):1561. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14191561

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vörös-Horváth, Barbara, Ala’ Salem, Barna Kovács, Aleksandar Széchenyi, and Szilárd Pál. 2024. "Systematic Study of Reaction Conditions for Size-Controlled Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles" Nanomaterials 14, no. 19: 1561. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14191561

APA Style

Vörös-Horváth, B., Salem, A., Kovács, B., Széchenyi, A., & Pál, S. (2024). Systematic Study of Reaction Conditions for Size-Controlled Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials, 14(19), 1561. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14191561

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Systematic Study of Reaction Conditions for Size-Controlled Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles

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