Investigation of the Effects of Polymer Dispersants on Dispersion of GO Nanosheets in Cement Composites and Relative Microstructures/Performances
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of GO/PAM, GO/PAH, and GO/PAA Intercalation Composites
2.3. Preparation of GO/Cement Composites
2.4. Structural Characterization Methods
2.5. Performance Testing Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Structural Characterization of GO Nanosheets
3.2. Cement Composite Microstructure
3.3. Forming Process of Regular Hydration Crystals and Compact Microstructures
3.4. Relationship of Interface Gaps of Hydration Crystals with the Hydration Reaction Process
3.5. XRD Pattern Analysis of Cement Hydration Products
3.6. Cement Composite Compressive/Flexural Strengths and Durabilities
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- GO nanosheets with 1–2, 2–5, and 3–8 layers were produced by using PAA, PAH, and PAM, respectively, as dispersants to form GO–dispersant intercalation composites. The order of dispersive capacities from poor to strong is PAM, PAH, PAA. PAA and PAH contain strong –NH2 and –CN polar groups that result in stronger dispersion effects.
- (2)
- Cement composites with compact and uniform microstructures can be prepared by introducing GO/PAA intercalation composites into cement composites. The microstructure is formed by gradually growing large-scale regular cement hydration crystals. The results indicated that PAA can disperse GO in cement composites with few layers and a uniform distribution.
- (3)
- The cement composites with GO/PAA have significantly improved compressive strength and flexural strength. The cement composites with 0.03% dosage of GO/PAA at 28 day show 130.29% and 134.79% improvements in compressive and flexural strengths, respectively, when compared to the control samples. The results indicate that cement composites with few-layered and uniformly distributed GO nanosheets have a significantly improved in microstructure, strengths, and durability.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Solid Content (%) | Mw (Da) | Mn (Da) | PDI | Dielectric Constant | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PAM | 20.36 | 57,251 | 38,736 | 1.48 | 12.54 |
PAH | 20.52 | 54,258 | 35,475 | 1.53 | 32.65 |
PAA | 20.44 | 41,895 | 30,586 | 1.37 | 43.54 |
PCs | 20.38 | 53,687 | 37,245 | 1.44 | 11.35 |
Interfacial Areas (m2/g) | Pore Diameter (nm) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | |
1 day | 25.68 | 23.65 | 22.23 | 21.08 | 18.89 | 62.68 | 58.65 | 54.26 | 51.58 | 48.27 |
3 day | 20.41 | 18.78 | 15.56 | 12.06 | 10.03 | 53.41 | 41.78 | 33.56 | 25.06 | 22.03 |
7 day | 17.57 | 13.67 | 9.15 | 4.15 | 3.14 | 48.57 | 36.67 | 28.65 | 18.15 | 15.14 |
15 day | 16.52 | 11.25 | 7.32 | 4.74 | 3.05 | 45.52 | 34.25 | 20.35 | 14.74 | 12.34 |
28 day | 15.68 | 10.65 | 6.96 | 4.25 | 2.92 | 45.18 | 33.65 | 20.23 | 14.17 | 12.12 |
Compressive Strength (MPa) | Increase Ratios (%) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S2/S1 | S3/S1 | S4/S1 | S5/S1 | |
1 day | 7.67 ± 0.41 | 8.42 ± 0.45 | 10.34 ± 0.48 | 11.34 ± 0.61 | 11.86 ± 0.63 | 9.78 | 34.81 | 47.85 | 54.63 |
3 day | 28.21 ± 1.23 | 36.25 ± 1.45 | 40.75 ± 1.65 | 47.54 ± 1.84 | 55.67 ± 1.93 | 28.51 | 44.45 | 68.52 | 97.34 |
7 day | 46.71 ± 1.76 | 61.72 ± 2.04 | 67.56 ± 2.14 | 73.34 ± 2.25 | 88.36 ± 2.45 | 32.13 | 44.64 | 57.01 | 89.17 |
15 day | 50.33 ± 1.86 | 72.58 ± 2.18 | 82.62 ± 2.36 | 104.37 ± 2.57 | 112.73 ± 2.64 | 44.21 | 64.16 | 107.37 | 123.98 |
28 day | 55.72 ± 1.87 | 78.31 ± 2.23 | 89.75 ± 2.38 | 116.82 ± 2.75 | 128.32 ± 2.81 | 40.54 | 61.07 | 109.66 | 130.29 |
Flexural Strength (MPa) | Increase Ratios (%) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S2/S1 | S3/S1 | S4/S1 | S5/S1 | |
1 day | 0.96 ± 0.35 | 1.26 ± 0.0.38 | 1.32 ± 0.39 | 1.56 ± 0.35 | 1.83 ± 0.36 | 31.25 | 37.50 | 62.50 | 90.63 |
3 day | 2.23 ± 0.35 | 4.55 ± 0.42 | 5.26 ± 0.43 | 6.24 ± 0.48 | 7.33 ± 0.48 | 104.04 | 135.87 | 179.82 | 228.70 |
7 day | 5.24 ± 0.43 | 7.27 ± 0.41 | 8.83 ± 0.46 | 10.42 ± 0.32 | 13.55 ± 0.41 | 38.74 | 68.51 | 98.86 | 158.59 |
15 day | 6.86 ± 0.37 | 9.26 ± 0.38 | 10.65 ± 0.42 | 13.87 ± 0.43 | 16.67 ± 0.45 | 34.98 | 55.25 | 102.19 | 143.01 |
28 day | 7.53 ± 0.38 | 10.85 ± 0.39 | 12.35 ± 0.42 | 15.97 ± 0.43 | 17.68 ± 0.44 | 44.09 | 64.01 | 112.09 | 134.79 |
Penetration Resistance | Frost Resistance * | Carbonation Depth (mm) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Osmotic Pressure (MPa) | Seepage Height (mm) | m0 (g) | mloss (g) | p (%) | 7 day | 28 day | |
S1 | 3.6 | 14.3 | 9843 | 0.15 | 73.6 | 3.2 | 4.6 |
S2 | 3.6 | 8.3 | 9831 | 0.08 | 88.5 | 1.7 | 1.69 |
S3 | 3.6 | 5.1 | 9837 | 0.01 | 94.8 | 0.3 | 0.6 |
S4 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 9856 | 0.01 | 95.7 | 0.3 | 0.5 |
S5 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 9678 | 0.01 | 96.8 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
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Lv, S.; Hu, H.; Hou, Y.; Lei, Y.; Sun, L.; Zhang, J.; Liu, L. Investigation of the Effects of Polymer Dispersants on Dispersion of GO Nanosheets in Cement Composites and Relative Microstructures/Performances. Nanomaterials 2018, 8, 964. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8120964
Lv S, Hu H, Hou Y, Lei Y, Sun L, Zhang J, Liu L. Investigation of the Effects of Polymer Dispersants on Dispersion of GO Nanosheets in Cement Composites and Relative Microstructures/Performances. Nanomaterials. 2018; 8(12):964. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8120964
Chicago/Turabian StyleLv, Shenghua, Haoyan Hu, Yonggang Hou, Ying Lei, Li Sun, Jia Zhang, and Leipeng Liu. 2018. "Investigation of the Effects of Polymer Dispersants on Dispersion of GO Nanosheets in Cement Composites and Relative Microstructures/Performances" Nanomaterials 8, no. 12: 964. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8120964