Advances in Targeted Pesticides with Environmentally Responsive Controlled Release by Nanotechnology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Delivery Systems for Environmentally Responsive, Precisely Controlled Pesticide Release
2.1. Characteristics and Principles of Light-Sensitive Responsive Polymers and Research Trends in Pesticide Formulation
2.2. Characteristics, Principles, and Research Trends in Temperature-Responsive Pesticide Formulations
2.3. Characteristics, Principles, and Research Trends in pH-Responsive Pesticide Formulations
2.4. Characteristics, Principles, and Research Trends in Humidity-Sensitive Pesticide Formulations
2.5. Characteristics, Principles, and Research Trends in Enzyme-Responsive Pesticide Formulations
3. Future Outlook
Acknowledgment
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Sun, C.J.; Cui, H.X.; Wang, Y.; Zeng, Z.H.; Zhao, X.; Cui, B. Studies on Applications of Nanomaterial and Nanotechnology in Agriculture. J. Agric. Sci. Technol. 2016, 18, 18–25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Reichenberger, S.; Bach, M.; Skitschak, A.; Frede, H. Mitigation Strategies to Reduce Pesticide Inputs into Ground-and Surface Water and Their Effectiveness: A review. Sci. Total Environ. 2007, 384, 1–35. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Han, L.L.; Bi, L.W.; Zhao, Z.D.; Li, D.W. Adavances in Microcapsules Preparation. Biomass Chem. Eng. 2011, 45, 41–46. [Google Scholar]
- Guan, L.; Zhang, P.; Wang, X.K.; Ren, Y.P.; Guo, B.B.; Liu, F. Photodegradation of Pyraclostrobin in Water Environment and Microencapsulation Effect on Its Photostability. J. Agro-Environ. Sci. 2015, 34, 1493–1497. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, N.; Qi, L.; Wang, Y.; Li, X.G. Preparation and Performance of Thermo-sensitive Pyraclostrobin Microcapsules. Chin. J. Pestic. Sci. 2017, 19, 381–387. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, B.; Wen, L.X.; Li, X.G.; Cheng, P.; Chen, J.F. A Comparison of Different Drug Loading Methods for Porous Hollow Nano-carriers. J. Beijing Univ. Chem. Technol. Nat. Sci. Ed. 2007, 34, 604–607. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sershen, S.R.; Westcott, S.L.; Halas, N.J.; West, J.L. Temperature-sensitive Polymer Nanoshell Composites for Photothermally Modulated Drug Delivery. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 2000, 51, 293–298. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, Z.Z.; Xu, S.A.; Wen, L.X.; Liu, A.Q.; Wang, Q.; Sun, H.Y.; Yu, W.; Chen, J.F. Controlled Release of Avermectin from Porous Hollow Silica Nanoparticles: Influence of Shell Thickness on Loading Efficiency, UV-shielding Property and Release. J. Control. Release 2006, 111, 81–88. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Li, B.X.; Wang, K.; Zhang, D.X.; Liu, F. Study on the Release-Kinetics of Rolyurethane Microcapsule of Pendimethalin. Pestic. Sci. Adm. 2013, 34, 14–18. [Google Scholar]
- Hedaoo, R.K.; Tatiya, P.D.; Mahulikar, P.P.; Gite, V.V. Fabrication of Dendritic 0 G PAMAM-based Novel Polyurea Microcapsules for Encapsulation of Herbicide and Release Rate from Polymer Shell in Different Environment. Des. Monomers Polym. 2014, 17, 111–125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guo, M.C. Preparation and Biological Efficacy Evaluation of Stimuli-Responsive Controlled Release Formulation of Pesticide. Ph.D. Thesis, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China, May 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Zhang, F. Preparation and Characterization of Magnetic and Thermosensitive Polymer Microcontainers. Ph.D. Thesis, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, April 2009. [Google Scholar]
- Nair, R.; Varghese, S.H.; Nair, B.G.; Maekawa, T.; Yoshida, Y.; Kumar, D.S. Nanoparticulate Material Delivery to Plants. Plant Sci. 2010, 179, 154–163. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khot, L.R.; Sankaran, S.; Maja, J.M.; Ehsani, R.; Schuster, E.W. Applications of Nanomaterials in Agricultural Production and Crop Protection: A review. Crop Prot. 2012, 35, 64–70. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pinto, R.C.; Neufeld, R.J.; Ribeiro, A.J.; Veiga, F. Nanoencapsulation I Methods for Preparation of Drug Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles. Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. 2006, 2, 8–21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tebaldi, M.L.; Belardi, R.M.; Montoro, S.R. Polymers with Nano-encapsulated Functional Polymers. In Design and Applications of Nanostructured Polymer Blends and Nanocomposite Systems; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Guo, Y.Z. Study on the Preparation and the Release Mechanism of Acetochlor Microcapsules Produced by Interfacial Polymerization Method. Master’s Thesis, Southwest University, Chongqing, China, April 2014. [Google Scholar]
- Zhou, Y.F.; Wu, J.; Chen, J.; Nie, W.Y. Applied Research of APEP-type Polymerizable Emulsifier in the Preparation of Pesticide Nanocapsule. J. Anhui Univ. 2007, 31, 65–68. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, A.Q.; Wang, Y.; Wang, C.X.; Cui, B.; Sun, C.J.; Zhao, X.; Zeng, Z.H.; Yao, J.W.; Liu, G.Q.; Cui, H.X. Research progress on nanometer microencapsulation of pesticide. J. Agric. Sci. Technol. 2018, 20, 10–18. [Google Scholar]
- Song, Q.; Mei, X.D.; Huang, Q.L.; Wang, Z.Y.; Ning, J. Preparation of Abamectin Microcapsules by Means of Emulsion Polymerization and it Bioactivity. Chin. J. Pestic. Sci. 2009, 11, 392–394. [Google Scholar]
- Shang, Q.; Shang, Z.H.; Ci, S.Y. HPLC Analysis of Abamectin Nanocapsules Suspension Concentrate. Agrochemicals 2007, 46, 185–186. [Google Scholar]
- Wu, J.; Zhou, Y.F.; Chen, J.; Nie, W.Y.; Shi, R. Preparation of Natural Pyrethrum Nanocapsule by Means of Microemulsion Polymerization. Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2008, 24, 35–38. [Google Scholar]
- Liu, B.; Zhou, X.; Yang, F.; Shen, H.; Wang, S.G.; Zhang, B.; Zhi, G.; Wu, D.C. Fabrication of Uniform Sized Polylactone Microcapsules by Premix Membrane Emulsification for Ultrasound Imaging. Polym. Chem. 2013, 5, 1693–1701. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Feng, J.G.; Xu, Y.; Luo, X.R.; Yan, H.; Wu, X.M. Discussion on the Solvent Evaporation Method for Preparation of Microcapsules and the Development of the Pesticides Microcapsules. Chin. J. Pestic. Sci. 2011, 13, 568–575. [Google Scholar]
- Cao, M.; Guan, P.; Hu, L.; Chen, X.P. The Research Progress and Influential Factors on Preparation of Microcapsules by W/O/W Multiple Emulsion-Solvent Evaporation Method. Chem. Bioeng. 2009, 9, 002. [Google Scholar]
- Xu, L. Preparation and Characteristic Analysis of Microcapsule Controlled Releasing Agent of Pesticide Chitosan Copolymer. Master’s Thesis, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China, June 2013. [Google Scholar]
- Zhou, X.Q.; Cao, L.D.; Liu, Y.J.; Li, F.M. Preparation and PerformanceCharacteristics of Azoxystrobin Microcapsules. Chin. J. Pestic. Sci. 2014, 16, 213–219. [Google Scholar]
- Ma, C.J.; Tao, L.H. Study on the Technology of Preparing Azoxystrobin Microcapsules by Complex Conservation. J. Anhui Agric. Sci. 2008, 36, 3496–3508. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, S.P. Construction of Photosensitive Nanocarriers and Their Photo-Responsive Characteristic. Master’s Thesis, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China, March 2014. [Google Scholar]
- Zhang, R.R. Preparation of Photo- and Temperature-Responsive Nano-Drug Delivery for Controlled Release. Master’s Thesis, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China, April 2014. [Google Scholar]
- Radt, B.; Smith, T.A.; Caruso, F. Optically Addressable Nanostructured Capsules. Adv. Mater. 2010, 16, 2184–2189. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Angelatos, A.S.; Radt, B.; Caruso, F. Light Responsive Polyelectrolyte/Gold Nanoparticle Microcapsules. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 3071–3076. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yu, Y.Y. Preparation and Characterization of Multi-Stimuli Responsive Polymer and Microshperes. Master’s Thesis, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, May 2009. [Google Scholar]
- Li, X.Y.; Zeng, F.; Zhao, Y.R.; Ju, J.; Lv, W.L. Advances in the Research and Development of Liposomal Drug Delivery Systems. Chin. J. New Drugs 2014, 23, 1904–1917. [Google Scholar]
- Bi, H.; YU, L.L.; Song, M.M. Progress of inorganic nanoparticles as targeted drug nanocarriers. Anhui Univ. Nat. Sci. Ed. 2011, 35, 1–8. [Google Scholar]
- Zhang, H.X.; Meng, X.; Li, P. Light and Thermal-Stimuli Responsive Materials. Prog. Chem. 2008, 20, 657–672. [Google Scholar]
- Zhao, R.Y. Design Synthesis and Property of Azo-Polymer with Photo-Responsive Function. Ph.D. Thesis, Jilin University, Jilin, China, May 2014. [Google Scholar]
- Huang, Y.F. Application of Anticancer Drugs with Coumarin Structure. Strait Pharm. J. 2015, 27, 1–4. [Google Scholar]
- Singh, P.N.D.; Atta, S.; Bera, M.; Chattopadhyay, T.; Paul, A.; Ikbal, M.; Maiti, M.K. Nanno-pesticide Formulation Based on Fluorescent Organic Photoresponsive Nanoparticles: For Controlled Release of 2,4-D and Real Time Monitoring of Morphological Changes Induced by 2,4-D in Plant Systems. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 86990–86996. [Google Scholar]
- Atta, S.; Paul, A.; Banerjee, R.; Bera, M.; Ikbal, M.; Dhara, D.; PradeepSingh, N.D. Photoresponsive Polymers Based on a Coumarin Moiety for the Controlled Release of Pesticide 2,4-D. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 99968–99975. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Torchilin, V.P. Multifunctional, Stimuli-Sensitive Nanoparticulate Systems for Drug Delivery. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2014, 13, 813–827. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Li, X.R. Preparation of the Multi-Responsive Polymer Microspheres and Application in Controlled Drug Release. Master’s Thesis, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China, March 2014. [Google Scholar]
- Otsuka, I.; Travelet, C.; Halila, S.; Fort, S.; Pignot-Paintrand, I.; Narumi, A.; Borsali, R. Themosponsive Self-assemblies of Cyclic and Branched Oligosaccharide-block-poly(N-isopropylamide) Diblock Copolymers into Nanoparticles. Biomacromolecule 2012, 13, 1458–1465. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Shen, Y.; Wang, Y.; Zhao, X.; Sun, C.J.; Cui, B.; Gao, F.; Zeng, Z.H. Preparation and Physicochemical Charateristics of Thermo-responsive Emamectin Benzoate Microcapsules. Polymers 2017, 9, 418. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ren, Y.R.; Huo, D.Q.; Zhou, H.; Hou, C.J. Preparation of Thermally Responsive Microcapsule. Guangxi Dev. Chem. Ind. 2005, 1, 12–14. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, Y. Development of Temperature Stimuli-responsive Water-soluble Polymers. Guangzhou Chem. Ind. 2013, 41, 14–26. [Google Scholar]
- Wan, X.J.; Liu, T.; Liu, S.Y. Synthesis of Amphiphilic Tadpole-shaped Linear-cyclic Diblock Copolymers via Ring-opening Polymerization Directly Initiating from Cyclic Precursors and Their Application as Drug Nanocarriers. Biomacromolecule 2011, 12, 1146–1154. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Convertine, A.J.; Lokitz, B.S.; Vasileva, Y.; Myrick, L.J.; Scales, C.W.; Lowe, A.B.; McCormick, C.L. Direct Synthesis of Thermally Responsive DMA/NIPAM Diblock and DMA/NIPAM/DMA Triblock Copolymers via Aqueous Room Temperature RAFT Polymerization. Macromolecules 2006, 39, 1724–1730. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mura, S.; Nicolas, J.; Couvreur, P. Stimuli-responsive Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery. Nat. Mater. 2013, 12, 991–1003. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Xu, B.B. Preparation and Characterization of Magnetic/Temperature/pH Responsive Nanocapsules. Master’s Thesis, Anhui University, Anhui, China, May 2014. [Google Scholar]
- Zhang, H. Preparation of pH-Responsive Polymers Coating Bimodal Mesoporous Materials and Its Application in Drug Delievery Ststem. Master’s Thesis, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China, June 2013. [Google Scholar]
- Yang, Y.Q. Preparation and Structure-Performance Relationship of pH-Sensitive Polymers and Their Self-Assembled Micelle Drug Delivery System. Ph.D. Thesis, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, June 2012. [Google Scholar]
- Lee, A.S.; Gast, A.P.; Butun, V.; Steven, P.A. Characterizing the Structure of pH Dependent Polyelectrolyte Block Copolymer Micelles. Macromolecules 1999, 32, 4302–4310. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tong, W.Y.; Gao, C.Y. Layer-by-Layer Assembled Microcapsules: Fabrication, Stimuli-responsivity, Loading and Release. Chem. J. Chin. Univ. 2008, 29, 1285–1298. [Google Scholar]
- Imoto, T.; Kida, T.; Matsusaki, M.; Akashi, M. Preparation and Unique pH-responsive Properties of Novel Biodegradable Nanocapsules Composed of Poly(gamma-glutamic acid) and Chitosan as Weak Polyelectrolytes. Macromol. Biosci. 2010, 10, 271–277. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Shuai, X.T.; Dai, J.; Lin, S.D. Nano Micelle Capable of Intelligently Releasing Medicine, Preparation Method and Application Thereof. CN Patent Application No. 102391517 A, 28 March 2012. [Google Scholar]
- Yue, L.; Aimetti, A.A.; Robert, L.; Zhen, G. Bioresponsive Materials. Nat. Rev. Mater. 2016, 2, 16075. [Google Scholar]
- Zeng, J. The Intelligent Drug Controlled Releasing Hydrogel Based on Crosslinked Carboxymethyl Chitin. Master’s Thesis, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China, May 2015. [Google Scholar]
- Lin, Y.S. Synthesis, Modification and Application in Slow-Release Pesticide of Mesoporous MCM-41. Master’s Thesis, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China, June 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Zhao, X.J.; Wu, Y.; Jiang, B.G. The Investigation of Synthesis and Decomposition of Amino Acid Salicyadehyde Schiff Base. J. Dalian Natl. Univ. 2006, 30, 24–27. [Google Scholar]
- Li, Y.H.; Huang, Y.D.; Liu, Y.Y. Humidity Sensing Polymer Materials. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2003, 3, 332–336. [Google Scholar]
- Lv, X. The Design, Preparation, Performance and Application of Polymeric Humidity Sensitive Materials. Ph.D. Thesis, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, October 2008. [Google Scholar]
- Radeva, E.; Bobev, K.; Spassov, L. Study and Application of Glow Discharge Polymer Layers as Humidity Sensors. Sens. Actuators B 1992, 8, 21–25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, L.Y. Development of Foreign Humidity Sensor. J. Transducer Technol. 1996, 2, 1–4. [Google Scholar]
- Yi, H.; Li, Z.Y.; Chen, D.Z. Fabrication of Polymer Film Humidity Sensitive Capacitor. Chin. Instrum. 1997, 6, 16–21. [Google Scholar]
- Liu, C.J. General Situations of High Polymer Humidity Sensors and its Developing Direction. Instrum. Tech. Sens. 1997, 12, 1–4. [Google Scholar]
- Klier, J.; Weichhard, C.; Leiderer, P. Wetting Behaviour of Solid and Liquid Hydrogen Films. Phys. B 2000, 284–288, 391–392. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zeng, Z.P. The Study on Microcapsule Preparation of Lutein and Its Stability. Master’s Thesis, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, May 2010. [Google Scholar]
- Cui, Q.B. Studies on the Microencapsulation and Application Acidulant. Master’s Thesis, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China, March 2008. [Google Scholar]
- Cunningham, J.C. Baculoviruses: Their Status Compared to Bacillus Thuringiensis as Microbial Insecticides. Outlook Agric. 1988, 17, 10–17. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- You, H.; Zhou, X.M.; Xu, J.W.; Li, Y.T.; Liao, S.J. Microcapsulation Formulation of Bacillus Thuringiensis for Protection against Ultraviolet Radiation Induced Inactivation. J. Huazhong Agric. Univ. 2009, 28, 281–285. [Google Scholar]
- Johnson, F.S. Average Latitudinal Variation in Ultraviolet Radiation at the earth’s Surface. Photochem. Photobiol. 1976, 23, 179–188. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jiang, T.; Hu, Y.N.; Long, Y.; Song, K. Recent Progress on the Controlled Release of Stimuli-responsive Microcapsule. Imaging Sci. Photochem. 2015, 33, 168–176. [Google Scholar]
- Bai, J.K.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, J.X. Progress Intelligent Materials Based on Enzyme Response. Mater. Rev. 2016, 30, 134–139. [Google Scholar]
- Qiu, N.S. Esterase-Responsive Tumor Cell Selective Gene Delivery System for Cancer Gene Therapy. Ph.D. Thesis, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China, July 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Zhang, Y.F.; Ge, J.; Liu, Z. Recent Advancement of Smart Enzyme Catalysts Based on Stimulus-Responsive Polymers. Polym. Bull. 2015, 198–209. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hua, N.Z. Development and Recent Progress of Pesticide Microencapsulates. Mod. Agrochem. 2010, 9, 6–10. [Google Scholar]
- Zhao, X.; Cui, H.X.; Wang, Y.; Sun, C.J.; Cui, B.; Zeng, Z.H. Development Strategies and Prospects of Nano-based Smart Pesticide Formulation. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2017. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Method | Preparation Process | Example |
---|---|---|
Interfacial polymerization | Two reactive monomers are dissolved in two different solvents. When one solvent is dispersed in another solvent, the two monomers undergo a polycondensation reaction at the phase interface to form microcapsules [17]. | Natural pyrethrin nanocapsules [18] |
In situ polymerization | Two or more water-soluble monomers are polymerized to form a water-insoluble polymer and are deposited on the surface of the core material for coating [19]. | S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate, acetochlor, atrazine, methotrexate |
Emulsion polymerization | A solvent-insoluble monomer is dispersed in a solvent to form a uniform emulsion via mechanical agitation, high-speed shearing, and vigorous shaking with a surfactant (an emulsifier). Then, the polymerization reaction is initiated to form the polymer to achieve core material encapsulation [20]. | Abamectin nanocapsule suspension [21], natural pyrethrin nanocapsules [22] |
Membrane emulsification | The dispersion phase enters the continuous phase through a shirasu porous glass membrane under inert gas pressure, and the continuous phase breaks into droplets on the membrane surface by the shear forces of the SPG membrane and droplets. | Chlorantraniliprole nanocapsules [23], avermectin nanocapsules [24] |
Solvent evaporation | The wall material and core material are dispersed in the organic phase, added to the solution immiscible with the wall material, and the wall material is precipitated to form the microcapsule by heating and evaporating the solvent [25]. | Spinosad nanocapsules [26] |
Nano-precipitation | The interfacial interaction between solvent and non-solvent disperses the polymer and drug from the oil phase into the aqueous phase. This material can quickly wrap the drug and obtain nanocapsules through precipitation [19]. | Pyrazole azoxystrobin nanocapsules [27], azoxystrobin microcapsules [8] |
Double coacervation | Two oppositely charged water-soluble polymers form a wall around the water-insoluble pesticide active ingredient, which is a spontaneous liquid-to-liquid separation caused by electrostatic interactions [19]. | Azoxystrobin microcapsules [28] |
Classification | Characteristics | Examples | |
---|---|---|---|
Organic nano-drug carrier | Micelles and vesicles | Prepared from amphiphilic polymers; a photo-responsive amphiphilic polymer can be obtained by introducing light-sensitive groups onto the hydrophobic side. After self-assembly and encapsulation of drug micelles or vesicles, controlled drug release can be achieved. | Poly(ethylene oxide-b-methacrylic acid) (PEO-PMAA) |
Liposomes | Achieved by stem grafting light-sensitive groups into polymers to construct a liposomal or hydrophobic region in amphiphilic materials [34]. | trans-liposomes and Bis-Azo-PC liposomes | |
Hydrogels | A photo-responsive crosslinker breaks when exposed to light; then, the capsule structure disintegrates and the drug is released. | Chlorophyllin, dichromate, aromatic azide, diazo compounds, aromatic nitro compounds, organic halogen compounds | |
Inorganic nano-drug carrier | Inorganic nanoparticles have a well-controlled size and shape with large surface areas. Unique light-, electricity-, and magnetic-sensitive properties enable functions such as bioimaging, targeted delivery, and collaborative drug therapy with the potential for drug delivery inside cells [35]. | Mesoporous silica, gold nanomaterials, iron oxide | |
Light-sensitive group | Spiropyran | Light treatment leads to reversible structural changes in light-sensitive groups, destroys the carrier structure to release drugs, and reassembles the carrier structure [36]. | Benzo thiopyran compound of spiro monoaza crown ethers, benzo-crown ether spiropyran, benzo thiopyran compound of monazo sulfide crown ether [36] |
Azobenzene | In light stimulation, cis-trans isomerism can be reversed to elicit changes in material properties such as color, size, shape, polarity, refractive index, and solubility [37]. | dendritic polyamide-amine (PAMAM) | |
Nitrobenzene | Light induces irreversible fracture of light-sensitive groups and removes light-sensitive compounds to disassemble micelles. | O-nitrobenzyl alcohol, ortho-nitrobenzal | |
Coumarin | Unsaturated double bonds in the structure of coumarin compounds form an extended conjugation system. Most compounds show blue or blue-green fluorescence under UV light [38]. | Furocoumarins, psoralens, 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP),8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) |
Classification | Characteristics | Examples |
---|---|---|
Hydrogels | When temperature rises to a certain value, hydrogels change from a swollen, soft, transparent state to an opaque state. | Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), polyethylene glycol |
Liposomes | Can form lipid bimolecular vesicles to entrap drugs with many different polarities in their inner water phase and bimolecular vesicle membrane; have good biocompatibility and can be metabolized normally [34]. | Adriamycin liposomes, daunorubicin liposomes, cytarabine liposomes, paclitaxel liposomes, 5-fluorouracil multiphase liposomes |
Polymers | Have a certain response to temperature stimulation. | Poly-N-isopropyl, acrylamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl methyl ether, polyoxyethylene ether, hydroxypropylene cellulose [42] |
Nanoparticles | Drugs are embedded or dissolved in the nanoparticles or adsorbed/covalently attached to their surfaces; not susceptible to degradation by enzymes within the cell and can effectively maintain drug activity. | Metal and inorganic nanoparticles |
Classification | Characteristics | Examples |
---|---|---|
Microcapsules | Particle size is generally of micro- or nano-scale; divided into a capsule core, capsule wall, and capsule material. Conformation of polyelectrolytes under different pH conditions change, affecting the microcapsule’s diffusion transmittance. | Supramolecular graft polymer, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate polymer |
Polymer microspheres | Generally, feature acid/alkali groups that can be ionized or associated on a macromolecule skeleton. | Polyacrylic acid (PAA), polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) |
Hydrogels | Respond to changes in environmental conditions and have relatively large structures; achieve transition between tight and swelling states. Generally, they contain acidic or alkaline pendant groups but with a wide-swelling pH range. | Polyethylene glycol-b-poly (4-vinylpyridine) (PEG-b-P4VP) |
Mesoporous materials | Uniform and adjustable pore size, stable skeletal structure, good biocompatibility, sufficiently large specific surface area, and easily functionalized pore volume surface. | SBA-15, mesoporous silica |
Classification | Characteristics | Examples |
---|---|---|
Electrolytes | Good humidity-sensitive response characteristics and simple preparation [1], absorbs water and can be diluted; if outflow occurs, humidity-sensing properties are damaged. | Polyacrylic acid (medical and health), polystyrene sulfonate |
Polymer compounds | Wide range of materials, wide relative humidity range, low cost, rapid moisture-sensitive response, excellent heat resistance, and rapid humidity response; however, high resistance temperature coefficient, poor reproducibility and interchangeability, and low pollution tolerance. | Polyimide (plastic), hyperbranched quaternary ammonium salt (disinfectant and bactericide) |
Porous metal oxides | Low density, high porosity, large specific surface area, and selective permeability to gas. | MeCr2O4-Bi2O3 systems, porous α-Fe2O3 nanospheres |
Classification | Characteristics | Examples |
---|---|---|
Enzyme-responsive polymer | Highly specific, high tropism, efficient, mild reaction conditions. | Kasugamycin (agricultural fungicide), emamectin benzoate (insecticide and acaricide) |
Nanoparticles | Catalytic efficiency is lower than that of some organic catalysts; high stability and low cost. | Ferritic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, fullerene derivatives, reduced graphene-zinc ferrite magnetic composite nanomaterials (rGO-ZnFe2O4) (nano-enzyme) |
Hydrogel (Glucose-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate hydrogel) | Excellent biocompatibility, degradability, and convenient functionality. | RADA16-I (oligopeptide material), polyethylene glycol diacrylate-methacrylic acid, polymethyl cellulose-glycidyl methacrylate gel |
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Huang, B.; Chen, F.; Shen, Y.; Qian, K.; Wang, Y.; Sun, C.; Zhao, X.; Cui, B.; Gao, F.; Zeng, Z.; et al. Advances in Targeted Pesticides with Environmentally Responsive Controlled Release by Nanotechnology. Nanomaterials 2018, 8, 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8020102
Huang B, Chen F, Shen Y, Qian K, Wang Y, Sun C, Zhao X, Cui B, Gao F, Zeng Z, et al. Advances in Targeted Pesticides with Environmentally Responsive Controlled Release by Nanotechnology. Nanomaterials. 2018; 8(2):102. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8020102
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Bingna, Feifei Chen, Yue Shen, Kun Qian, Yan Wang, Changjiao Sun, Xiang Zhao, Bo Cui, Fei Gao, Zhanghua Zeng, and et al. 2018. "Advances in Targeted Pesticides with Environmentally Responsive Controlled Release by Nanotechnology" Nanomaterials 8, no. 2: 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8020102
APA StyleHuang, B., Chen, F., Shen, Y., Qian, K., Wang, Y., Sun, C., Zhao, X., Cui, B., Gao, F., Zeng, Z., & Cui, H. (2018). Advances in Targeted Pesticides with Environmentally Responsive Controlled Release by Nanotechnology. Nanomaterials, 8(2), 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8020102