Effects of the Nanofillers on Physical Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Nanocomposites: Comparison of Graphene Nanoplatelets and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
2.2. Materials Processing and Sample Preparations
2.3. Testing Techniques
2.3.1. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
2.3.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
2.3.3. Melt Flow Index
2.3.4. Quasi-Static Tensile Test
2.3.5. Creep Test
2.3.6. Electrical Resistivity and Resistive Heating
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Morphology
3.2. Melt Flow Index
3.3. Quasi-Static Tensile Test
3.4. Creep Stability
3.5. Electrical Behaviour
3.5.1. Electrical Resistivity
3.5.2. Surface Temperature under Applied Voltage
3.6. Comparative Effects of GNP and CNT
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | MFI (g/10 min) | Log(C0) | Eact1 (kJ/mol) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
220 °C | 250 °C | 280 °C | |||
ABS | 23.6 ± 1.3 | 89.7 ± 2.5 | 232 ± 19 | 10.6 ± 0.6 | 86.6 ± 5.5 |
GNP-2 | 18.9 ± 1.0 | 72.5 ± 1.8 | 203 ± 6 | 10.8 ± 0.3 | 89.9 ± 3.9 |
GNP-4 | 14.7 ± 1.0 | 63.9 ± 0.7 | 172 ± 5 | 11.0 ± 0.7 | 93.1 ± 7.3 |
GNP-6 | 13.7 ± 0.7 | 52.7 ± 4.3 | 163 ± 4 | 11.1 ± 0.2 | 93.7 ± 1.6 |
GNP-8 | 10.7 ± 0.5 | 47.1 ± 1.0 | 149 ± 14 | 11.6 ± 0.4 | 99.6 ± 3.9 |
GNP-12 | 8.3 ± 0.2 | nt 2 | nt 2 | nt 2 | nt 2 |
GNP-16 | 6.3 ± 0.2 | nt 2 | nt 2 | nt 2 | nt 3 |
GNP-20 | 5.2 ± 0.4 | nt 2 | nt 2 | nt 2 | nt 3 |
GNP-30 | 1.9 ± 0.1 | nt 2 | nt 2 | nt 2 | nt 2 |
CNT-2 | 9.5 ± 0.6 | 39.3 ± 3.2 | 107 ± 12 | 10.7 ± 0.6 | 91.7 ± 6.3 |
CNT-4 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 8.4 ± 1.3 | 23.3 ± 5.8 | 11.6 ± 1.4 | 107.6 ± 13.6 |
CNT-6 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.55 ± 0.04 | 1.87 ± 0.19 | 11.4 ± 1.0 | 117.2 ± 10.3 |
CNT-8 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.28 ± 0.02 | 11.4 | 126.8 3 |
Samples | E (MPa) | σy (MPa) | σb (MPa) | εb (%) | TEB(MJ·mm−3) | Enorm1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ABS | 2315 ± 100 | 41.7 ± 0.4 | 33.6 ± 0.4 | 35.9 ± 6.1 | 11.785 ± 2.007 | nd 2 |
GNP-2 | 2631 ± 133 | 41.5 ± 1.2 | 39.9 ± 2.3 | 4.1 ± 0.2 | 1.057 ± 0.078 | 6.8 |
GNP-4 | 2911 ± 109 | 40.2 ± 1.5 | 39.3 ± 1.2 | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 0.929 ± 0.096 | 6.4 |
GNP-6 | 3406 ± 86 | - | 41.5 ± 0.8 | 3.1 ± 0.1 | 0.788 ± 0.086 | 7.9 |
GNP-8 | 3523 ± 209 | - | 41.4 ± 1.0 | 3.1 ± 0.3 | 0.780 ± 0.132 | 6.5 |
GNP-12 | 4450 ± 224 | - | 42.4 ± 1.7 | 2.5 ± 0.3 | 0.645 ± 0.115 | 7.7 |
GNP-16 | 5072 ± 270 | - | 41.6 ± 1.1 | 2.0 ± 0.1 | 0.491 ± 0.032 | 7.4 |
GNP-20 | 5725 ± 308 | - | 42.9 ± 1.6 | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 0.468 ± 0.041 | 7.4 |
GNP-30 | 7362 ± 569 | - | 44.3 ± 1.9 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 0.340 ± 0.034 | 7.3 |
CNT-2 | 2513 ± 101 | 43.3 ± 0.4 | 34.1 ± 1.5 | 7.5 ± 2.4 | 2.313 ± 0.832 | 4.3 |
CNT-4 | 2622 ± 29 | 43.5 ± 1.0 | 40.3 ± 1.8 | 4.5 ± 0.6 | 1.253 ± 0.263 | 3.3 |
CNT-6 | 2849 ± 70 | - | 46.6 ± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 0.2 | 1.112 ± 0.110 | 3.8 |
CNT-8 | 3068 ±156 | - | 45.1 ± 2.3 | 3.2 ± 0.3 | 0.805 ± 0.117 | 4.1 |
Samples | Del (GPa−1) | Dve,3600s (GPa−1) | Dtot,3600s (GPa−1) | De (GPa−1) | k (GPa−1 s−n) | n | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ABS | 0.572 | 0.205 | 0.777 | 0.553 | 0.0164 | 0.324 | 0.998 |
GNP-2 | 0.451 | 0.122 | 0.573 | 0.448 | 0.0030 | 0.464 | 0.987 |
GNP-4 | 0.415 | 0.084 | 0.499 | 0.414 | 0.0018 | 0.487 | 0.982 |
GNP-6 | 0.382 | 0.065 | 0.447 | 0.377 | 0.0077 | 0.277 | 0.991 |
GNP-8 | 0.328 | 0.088 | 0.416 | 0.329 | 0.0011 | 0.536 | 0.997 |
GNP-12 | 0.214 | 0.077 | 0.290 | 0.230 | 0.0009 | 0.517 | 0.991 |
GNP-30 | 0.138 | 0.039 | 0.177 | 0.139 | 0.0002 | 0.656 | 0.983 |
CNT-2 | 0.515 | 0.205 | 0.777 | 0.502 | 0.0084 | 0.373 | 0.992 |
CNT-4 | 0.478 | 0.152 | 0.667 | 0.466 | 0.0101 | 0.346 | 0.994 |
CNT-6 | 0.436 | 0.149 | 0.627 | 0.435 | 0.0033 | 0.462 | 0.995 |
CNT-8 | 0.413 | 0.135 | 0.572 | 0.408 | 0.0038 | 0.455 | 0.991 |
Samples | Del (GPa−1) | Dve,3600s (GPa−1) | Dtot,3600s (GPa−1) | De (GPa−1) | k (GPa−1 s−n) | n | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T= 50 °C | |||||||
ABS | 0.604 | 0.380 | 0.984 | 0.5545 | 0.0164 | 0.3538 | 0.982 |
GNP-6 | 0.494 | 0.349 | 0.843 | 0.4519 | 0.0232 | 0.3553 | 0.984 |
CNT-6 | 0.521 | 0.334 | 0.855 | 0.4711 | 0.0268 | 0.3367 | 0.979 |
T= 70 °C | |||||||
ABS | 0.617 | 0.957 | 1.574 | 0.5416 | 0.0342 | 0.4243 | 0.990 |
GNP-6 | 0.442 | 0.836 | 1.278 | 0.3436 | 0.0522 | 0.3620 | 0.986 |
CNT-6 | 0.534 | 0.997 | 1.532 | 0.4298 | 0.0531 | 0.3788 | 0.989 |
T= 90 °C | |||||||
ABS | 0.687 | 5.747 | 6.435 | 0.4931 | 0.0569 | 0.5744 | 0.994 |
GNP-6 | 0.516 | 3.726 | 4.242 | 0.3745 | 0.0507 | 0.5363 | 0.994 |
CNT-6 | 0.561 | 3.920 | 4.482 | 0.3149 | 0.0894 | 0.4774 | 0.990 |
Samples | Eact (kJ/mol) |
---|---|
ABS | 15.1 ± 3.4 |
GNP-6 | 22.8 ± 1.9 |
CNT-6 | 21.2 ± 3.0 |
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Dul, S.; Pegoretti, A.; Fambri, L. Effects of the Nanofillers on Physical Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Nanocomposites: Comparison of Graphene Nanoplatelets and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes. Nanomaterials 2018, 8, 674. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8090674
Dul S, Pegoretti A, Fambri L. Effects of the Nanofillers on Physical Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Nanocomposites: Comparison of Graphene Nanoplatelets and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes. Nanomaterials. 2018; 8(9):674. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8090674
Chicago/Turabian StyleDul, Sithiprumnea, Alessandro Pegoretti, and Luca Fambri. 2018. "Effects of the Nanofillers on Physical Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Nanocomposites: Comparison of Graphene Nanoplatelets and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes" Nanomaterials 8, no. 9: 674. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8090674