A Mini Review Focused on the Recent Applications of Graphene Oxide in Stem Cell Growth and Differentiation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Effect of Graphene Oxide on Stem Cell Growth and Proliferation
3. Effect of Graphene Oxide on Stem Cell Differentiation
3.1. Effect on Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation
3.2. Effect on Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation
3.3. Effect on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation
3.4. Effect on Neural Stem Cell Differentiation
3.5. Effect on Cancer Stem Cell Differentiation
4. Possible Underlying Mechanisms of Graphene Oxide and Stem Cell Interaction
5. Conclusions and Future Directions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | Stem Cell Type | Parameter Studied | Results | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
GO | MSCs | Concentration | Safe dose: ≤0.1 µg/mL | [23] |
rGO | MSCs | Concentration and size | Cytotoxicity: Small rGO > Large rGO Safe dose: ≤1 µg/mL (small rGO) ≤100 µg/mL (large rGO) | [24] |
GNO, GONR, GONP | MSCs | Concentration, time of incubation, and shape | Viability: GNO > GONR > GONP Safe dose: ≤50 µg/mL There is no effect of incubation time on cell viability | [25] |
GO | ESCs | Concentration | Safe dose: ≤32 µg/mL | [26] |
GO | NSCs | Concentration | Safe dose: ≤5 µg/mL | [27] |
ADM, ADM-GO/Que, and ADM-GO-PEG/Que | MSCs | Surface functionalization | Proliferation: ADM-GO-PEG/Que > ADM-GO/Que > ADM | [28] |
rGO/PEDOT | MSCs | Surface functionalization | Proliferation: rGO/PEDOT > rGO | [29] |
PCL/GO, PCL/rGO, PCL/AGO | MSCs | Surface functionalization | Proliferation: PCL/AGO > GO > rGO | [22] |
Material | Surface Modification | Stem Cell Type | Differentiation | Parameters that Influence the Differentiation | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nanoparticle suspensions | |||||
CNTs, GO, Gp | ESCs | Dopamine neuron | Concentration | [32] | |
GO nanosheets | MSCs | Osteogenic | Concentration | [23] | |
GO | NSCs | Neurogenic | Concentration | [27] | |
GO | CSCs | Non-CSCs | Size and concentration | [64] | |
Gp, GO, and porous GO | MSCs | Chondrogenic | Concentration | [43] | |
GO | MSCs | Osteogenic and adipogenic | Concentration, incubation time, and shape. | [25] | |
2D substrates | |||||
GO | ESCs | Haematopoetic | [31] | ||
GO and Gp | iPSCs | Endoderm | Surface chemistry | [34] | |
GO and Gp | MSCs | Osteogenic and adipogenic | Surface chemistry | [40] | |
GO | MSCs | Osteogenic | Size | [67] | |
GO | Methacrylate | MSCs | Osteogenic | Nanotopography and surface chemistry | [38] |
rGO | Microfiber | NSCs | Neurogenic | Surface topography | [52] |
GO and rGO | ADSCs | Neurogenic | Surface chemistry | [16] | |
3D scaffolds | |||||
GO | Collagen sponge | MSCs | Osteogenic | Stiffness | [39] |
GO foam | Surface rolled | NSCs | Neurogenic | Electrical conductivity | [54] |
GO | PEG and Quercetin | MSCs | Osteogenic and adipogenic | Surface topography | [28] |
GO | Polypeptide thermogel | MSCs | Adipogenic | Surface chemistry and stiffness | [41] |
GO | PLGA nanofiber | MSCs | Osteogenic | Surface chemistry | [68] |
GO | GELMA and PEGDA | MSCs | Chondrogenic | Surface chemistry and stiffness | [44] |
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Halim, A.; Luo, Q.; Ju, Y.; Song, G. A Mini Review Focused on the Recent Applications of Graphene Oxide in Stem Cell Growth and Differentiation. Nanomaterials 2018, 8, 736. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8090736
Halim A, Luo Q, Ju Y, Song G. A Mini Review Focused on the Recent Applications of Graphene Oxide in Stem Cell Growth and Differentiation. Nanomaterials. 2018; 8(9):736. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8090736
Chicago/Turabian StyleHalim, Alexander, Qing Luo, Yang Ju, and Guanbin Song. 2018. "A Mini Review Focused on the Recent Applications of Graphene Oxide in Stem Cell Growth and Differentiation" Nanomaterials 8, no. 9: 736. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8090736