Preparation, Characterization and Adsorption Potential of Grainy Halloysite-CNT Composites for Anthracene Removal from Aqueous Solution
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Hal-CNT Composite Preparation
2.3. Halloysite-CNT Composite Characterization
2.4. Kinetic and Adsorption Study
3. Results
3.1. Characterization of Hal-CNT Composites
3.2. Adsorption Isotherms
3.3. Adsorption Kinetics
3.4. Adsorption Rate-Controlling Mechanisms
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name | Outer Diameter 1 (nm) | Length 1 (µm) | Purity 1 (wt%) | OH Content 1 (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
SWCNT | <2 | 5–30 | 95 | not applicable |
SWCNT-OH | <2 | 5–30 | 90 | 3.7 |
Compound | Chemical Structure | Molecular Mass 1 (g/mol) | log Kow 1 (-) | Solubility in Water 20 °C 1 (mg/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|
ANT | 178.55 | 4.45 | 0.043 |
Symbol | Carbon Nanotubes Type | Halloysite to CNT Weight Ratio (%) | Calcination Temperature (°C) |
---|---|---|---|
Hal-350 | - | - | 350 |
Hal-450 | - | - | 450 |
Hal-550 | - | - | 550 |
Hal-SWCNT 96:4-350 | SWCNT | 96:4 | 350 |
Hal-SWCNT 96:4-450 | SWCNT | 96:4 | 450 |
Hal-SWCNT 96:4-550 | SWCNT | 96:4 | 550 |
Hal-SWCNT 85:15 | SWCNT | 85:15 | 450 |
Hal-SWCNT-OH 85:15 | SWCNT-OH | 85:15 | 450 |
Hal-SWCNT-OH 96:4 | SWCNT-OH | 96:4 | 450 |
Adsorbent | BET Specific Surface Area (m2/g) | Total Volume in Pores (cm3/g) | Total Area in Pores (m2/g) |
---|---|---|---|
SWCNT | 1124.6 | 0.88 | 945.6 |
SWCNT-OH | 410.63 | 0.6 | 257.52 |
Hal | 50.36 | 0.19 | 32.69 |
Hal-350 | 45.15 | 0.06 | 45.86 |
Hal-450 | 44.89 | 0.08 | 50.18 |
Hal-550 | 54.16 | 0.07 | 56.55 |
Hal-SWCNT 96:4-350 | 90.56 | 0.25 | 55.64 |
Hal-SWCNT 96:4-450 | 92.15 | 0.23 | 54.39 |
Hal-SWCNT 96:4-550 | 80.09 | 0.27 | 47.24 |
Hal-SWCNT 85:15 | 239.22 | 0.33 | 153.12 |
Hal-SWCNT-OH 85:15 | 102.24 | 0.29 | 68.28 |
Hal-SWCNT-OH 96:4 | 94.20 | 0.26 | 62.12 |
Sample | Langmuir | Freundlich | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(mg/g) | (L/mg) | R2 (-) | ((mg/g)·(L/mg)n) | (-) | R2 (-) | |
Hal | 0.21 | 32.30 | 0.9592 | 0.21 | 5.01 | 0.8171 |
Hal-350 | 0.21 | 7.21 | 0.9548 | 0.19 | 3.05 | 0.9045 |
Hal-450 | 0.22 | 8.32 | 0.9871 | 0.19 | 3.52 | 0.9518 |
Hal-550 | 0.18 | 14.47 | 0.9633 | 0.17 | 4.51 | 0.8805 |
Hal-SWCNT 96:4-350 | 0.43 | 6.67 | 0.9531 | 0.37 | 2.92 | 0.8905 |
Hal-SWCNT 96:4-450 | 0.44 | 8.24 | 0.9867 | 0.38 | 3.52 | 0.9464 |
Hal-SWCNT 96:4-550 | 0.36 | 13.84 | 0.9609 | 0.34 | 4.07 | 0.9596 |
Hal-SWCNT 85:15 | 0.84 | 24.78 | 0.9519 | 0.84 | 4.38 | 0.8174 |
Hal-SWCNT-OH 85:15 | 0.54 | 26.29 | 0.9646 | 0.54 | 4.53 | 0.8701 |
Hal-SWCNT-OH 96:4 | 0.49 | 20.87 | 0.9963 | 0.47 | 5.06 | 0.8819 |
Sample | Pseudo-Second-Order Equation Parameters | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(g/(mg·min)) | (mg/g) | (mg/g) | (min) | (mg/(g·min)) | R2 | |
Hal | 0.23 | 0.108 | 0.11 | 18.27 | 0.006 | 0.9438 |
Hal-350 | 0.2 | 0.096 | 0.1 | 17.61 | 0.006 | 0.9686 |
Hal-450 | 0.088 | 0.083 | 0.09 | 16.27 | 0.006 | 0.870 |
Hal-550 | 0.268 | 0.06 | 0.055 | 8.76 | 0.007 | 0.9498 |
Hal-SWCNT 96:4-350 | 0.296 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 9.33 | 0.039 | 0.964 |
Hal-SWCNT 96:4-450 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.34 | 9.49 | 0.036 | 0.972 |
Hal-SWCNT 96:4-550 | 0.757 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 6.96 | 0.027 | 0.960 |
Hal-SWCNT 85:15 | 0.479 | 0.45 | 0.38 | 5.49 | 0.087 | 0.970 |
Hal-SWCNT-OH 85:15 | 0.428 | 0.36 | 0.38 | 6.16 | 0.062 | 0.967 |
Hal-SWCNT-OH 96:4 | 0.292 | 0.27 | 0.34 | 10.07 | 0.029 | 0.972 |
Sample | (mg/g·min0.5) | (mg/g) |
---|---|---|
Hal-SWCNT 96:4-350 | 0.013 | 0.143 |
Hal-SWCNT 96:4-450 | 0.015 | 0.09 |
Hal-SWCNT 96:4-550 | 0.006 | 0.12 |
Hal-SWCNT 85:15 | 0.015 | 0.229 |
Hal-SWCNT-OH 85:15 | 0.012 | 0.18 |
Hal-SWCNT-OH 96:4 | 0.01 | 0.113 |
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Kamińska, G.; Dudziak, M.; Kudlek, E.; Bohdziewicz, J. Preparation, Characterization and Adsorption Potential of Grainy Halloysite-CNT Composites for Anthracene Removal from Aqueous Solution. Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 890. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9060890
Kamińska G, Dudziak M, Kudlek E, Bohdziewicz J. Preparation, Characterization and Adsorption Potential of Grainy Halloysite-CNT Composites for Anthracene Removal from Aqueous Solution. Nanomaterials. 2019; 9(6):890. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9060890
Chicago/Turabian StyleKamińska, Gabriela, Mariusz Dudziak, Edyta Kudlek, and Jolanta Bohdziewicz. 2019. "Preparation, Characterization and Adsorption Potential of Grainy Halloysite-CNT Composites for Anthracene Removal from Aqueous Solution" Nanomaterials 9, no. 6: 890. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9060890