Influence of Fiber Dimensions on Bridging Performance of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composite (PVA-FRCC)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Program
2.1. Used Materials
2.2. Bending Test of Notched Specimens
2.2.1. Specimens
2.2.2. Loading and Measurements
2.2.3. Failure Patterns
2.2.4. Load–Deflection Relationship
3. Adaptability of Bridging Law Calculation for PVA100-12
3.1. Single-Fiber Pullout Model and Calculation of Bridging Law
3.2. Section Analysis
4. Bridging Law Considering the Influence of Fiber Dimensions
4.1. Single-Fiber Pullout Model and Calculation of Bridging Law
4.2. Section Analysis and Its Adaptability
5. Conclusions
- From the bending test, it was found that the load capacity of PVA-FRCC with 27 μm diameter fiber (PVA027-06) is much higher than the other specimens, and the load capacity decreases as the fiber diameter increases.
- From the bending test, bridging law calculation, and section analysis results of different fiber lengths of FRCC with the same diameter (PVA200-18 and PVA200-12), the length of the fiber has a small effect on the load capacity and the bridging performance of PVA-FRCC.
- The parameters that give the characteristic points of the tri-linear model for the single-fiber pullout model are proposed as functions of diameter, bond fracture energy, elastic modulus, cross-sectional area, and fiber perimeter.
- According to the bridging law calculation, the maximum bridging stress decreases as the fiber diameter increases. Most of the fibers with smaller diameters ruptured after the peak, while most of the fibers with bigger diameters slipped out of the matrix.
- Section analysis is conducted to verify the proposed model. The ratio of the maximum bending moment of the experiment to the analysis ranged from 0.93 to 1.13, which can lead to the conclusion that the proposed model shows a good agreement with the experiment result.
6. Recommendation
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
Af | Cross-sectional area of fiber (mm2) |
Alig | Area of the ligament (mm2) |
Diameter of fiber (μm) | |
Diameter of fiber for PVA 100-12 (μm) | |
Ef | Elastic modulus of fiber (MPa) |
f | Snubbing coefficient |
f′ | Fiber strength reduction factor |
Fracture energy (N/mm) | |
Bond fracture energy (N/mm) | |
k | Fiber orientation intensity |
lb | Embedded length of a single fiber (mm) |
lc,eq | Equivalent compressive length (mm) |
n | Popovics constant, ratio of elastic modulus of fiber to matrix |
Pa | First peak load (N) |
First peak load for PVA100-12 (N) | |
Pmax | Maximum pullout/tensile load (N) |
Slip of fiber (mm) | |
Slip of fiber at the maximum tensile force (mm) | |
Slip of fiber at ultimate (mm) | |
Vf | Fiber volume fraction (%) |
W | Area below load–LPD curve (N·mm) |
wa | Crack width at the first peak load (mm) |
wmax | Crack width at the maximum load (mm) |
Perimeter of fiber (μm) | |
Perimeter of PVA100-12 fiber (μm) | |
ρ | Ratio of the cross-sectional area of the fiber to the matrix |
Tensile stress (MPa) | |
Fiber strength (MPa) | |
Maximum tensile stress (MPa) | |
Bond stress (MPa) |
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ID | Type | Diameter (μm) | Length (mm) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Elastic Modulus (GPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PVA027-06 | RMS702×6 | 27 | 6 | 1800 | 46 |
PVA040-12 | REC15×12 | 40 | 12 | 1560 | 41 |
PVA100-12 | RECS100L×12 | 100 | 12 | 1200 | 28 |
PVA200-12 | RF350×12 | 200 | 12 | 910 | 30 |
PVA200-18 | RFS400×18 | 200 | 18 | 975 | 27 |
PVA660-30 | RF4000×30 | 660 | 30 | 900 | 23 |
Fiber Volume Fraction | W/C | FA/B | Unit Weight (kg/m3) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Water | Cement | Fly Ash | Sand | |||
2% | 0.56 | 0.3 | 380 | 678 | 291 | 484 |
Cement: High early-strength Portland cement Fly ash: Type II of Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS A 6201 [40]) Sand: Size under 0.2 mm Super plasticizer: Binder × 0.6% |
Specimen ID | Compressive Strength (MPa) | Elastic Modulus (GPa) |
---|---|---|
N | 45.7 | 17.2 |
PVA027-06 | 49.0 | 16.1 |
PVA040-12 | 37.2 | 13.2 |
PVA100-12 | 47.7 | 17.0 |
PVA200-12 | 45.0 | 15.8 |
PVA200-18 | 43.3 | 16.3 |
PVA660-30 | 47.4 | 16.4 |
Specimen ID | Avg. Max. Load (kN) | Avg. Max. Moment (kN·m) | Avg. CMOD at Max. Load (mm) | Avg. Fracture Energy (N/mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
N | 2.13 | 0.160 | 0.056 | 0.07 |
PVA027-06 | 13.43 | 1.007 | 1.004 | 3.70 |
PVA040-12 | 10.56 | 0.792 | 1.039 | 2.77 |
PVA100-12 | 5.93 | 0.444 | 1.881 | 2.48 |
PVA200-12 | 4.40 | 0.330 | 1.368 | 1.53 |
PVA200-18 | 4.35 | 0.326 | 1.457 | 1.74 |
PVA660-30 | 6.94 | 0.521 | 2.200 | 3.38 |
Parameter | PVA027-06 | PVA040-12 | PVA100-12 | PVA200-12 | PVA200-18 | PVA660-30 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First peak load, Pa (N) | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 9.9 |
Crack width at Pa, wa (mm) | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Maximum load, Pmax (N) | 0.5 | 0.9 | 3.0 | 8.8 | 8.3 | 46.1 |
Crack width at Pmax, wmax (mm) | 0.23 | 0.28 | 0.45 | 0.64 | 0.64 | 1.16 |
Fiber strength, σfu (MPa) | 1161 | 1006 | 774 | 587 | 629 | 581 |
ID | Maximum Moment (kN·m) | Ratio of Maximum Moment of the Test to the Analysis Result | |
---|---|---|---|
Test | Analysis | ||
PVA027-06 | 1.007 | 0.895 | 1.13 |
PVA040-12 | 0.792 | 0.773 | 1.02 |
PVA100-12 | 0.444 | 0.457 | 0.97 |
PVA200-12 | 0.330 | 0.329 | 1.00 |
PVA200-18 | 0.326 | 0.350 | 0.93 |
PVA660-30 | 0.521 | 0.470 | 1.11 |
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Shiferaw, H.N.; Abrha, S.F.; Kanakubo, T.; Sivasubramanian, M.V.R.; Singh, S.B. Influence of Fiber Dimensions on Bridging Performance of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composite (PVA-FRCC). Fibers 2024, 12, 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib12080070
Shiferaw HN, Abrha SF, Kanakubo T, Sivasubramanian MVR, Singh SB. Influence of Fiber Dimensions on Bridging Performance of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composite (PVA-FRCC). Fibers. 2024; 12(8):70. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib12080070
Chicago/Turabian StyleShiferaw, Helen Negash, Selamawit Fthanegest Abrha, Toshiyuki Kanakubo, Madappa V. R. Sivasubramanian, and Shamsher Bahadur Singh. 2024. "Influence of Fiber Dimensions on Bridging Performance of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composite (PVA-FRCC)" Fibers 12, no. 8: 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib12080070