Impact of School Nurse on Managing Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes with Technological Devices Support: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Review Methodology
2.2. Objectives
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- How does the SN interact in a school context with individuals with T1D using technology?
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- How does the SN support care and relationships among all parties involved in the complex assistance in the clinical setting under consideration?
2.3. Formulation of the Research Question
2.4. Search Strategy
2.5. Criteria and Process
2.6. Evaluation of Risk of Bias and Methodological Quality of Studies
2.7. Data Extraction and Synthesis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Studies Included
3.2. Students
3.3. Parents/Caregivers
3.4. Nurses/Educators
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author (Year) | Population Study/Country | Cohort | Type of Study and Times | Outcome Analysis | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tonyushkina KN et al. (2021) [34] | Students/USA | 30 students from elementary to high school from low-income communities | Pilot single arm study | feasibility of monthly insulin adjustments, HbA1c levels and Quality of life | After two years, 27% of the subjects downloaded the device data. The absence of the SN appears to be a negative factor for treatments. |
Engelke MK et al. (2011) [35] | Students/USA | 86 students (5–17 age) | Descriptive study | HbA1c levels and Quality of life | For the teens, case management by SN can improve quality of life. |
Izquierdo R et al. (2009) [36] | Students/USA | 41 students (5–14 age) | RCT | HbA1c levels and Quality of life | A telemedicine group (23), supported by SNs showed improvements over the first 6 months compared to those receiving usual care (18). 91% of the students would reuse telemedicine services. |
Alaqueel AA et al. (2019) [37] | Parents/Saudi Arabia | 411 parents of child and teens (3–19 years) | Cross sectional study | HbAlc and Carbohydrate Counting | Only 8.8% of children use an IP, and 8.6% of school staff are trained, according to the sample’s opinion, in treating T1D, and 79% of children do not have a written plan at school for managing T1D. |
Pinelli L et al. (2011) [38] | Parents and teachers/Italy | 220 parents and 52 teachers of child (6–13 years) | Qualitative study | Management of T1D in school setting | The 40.4% of teachers received specific training on the condition, but only 2.9% would be willing to take responsibility for treating it. SNs are present in the care setting in only 3.6% of cases. |
Marks AL et al. (2020) [39] | Parents/Australia | 14 mothers of child (6–7 years) | Qualitative Study | Management and knowledge of T1D in school setting with technology device | The Australian education system lacks adequate healthcare support structures for children with T1D who use technological devices. The presence of SNs is virtually absent in the setting analysis. |
March CA et al. (2022) [40] | SN/USA | 310 SN | Qualitative Study | Management and knowledge of T1D in school setting with technology device | The 95% of SNs had experience with IP, 92% with CGM, but only 34% had worked with integrated disease management systems. |
March AC et al. (2021) [41] | SN/USA | 132 SN | Cross sectional study | Management and knowledge of T1D in school setting with technology device | The 23% of SNs reported having experience with integrated IP at school, while 46% had no knowledge of them. The 82% of cohort study emphasized that children and teens should be supported in using these products at school. |
March CA et al. (2020) [42] | SN/USA | 40 SN from primary and secondary level schools | Qualitative Study | Management and knowledge of T1D in school setting with technology device | The study highlighted educational areas as the main focus for potential improvement in school support for students with T1D using technological devices. |
Kobos E et al. (2020) [43] | SN/Poland | 230 SN who have worked in schools in the past year | Cross-sectional study | Management and knowledge of T1D in school setting with technology device | The rate of correct responses was 46.7%, 36.5% were familiar with CSII, 37.4% with proper nutrition, and 37.9% with glucagon and insulin. |
Marks A et al. (2018) [44] | Diabetes Educators (DEs)/ Australia | 13 Educators of child in primary school (4–8 years) | Qualitative study | Management of T1D in school setting | Despite numerous barriers, Australian DEs implemented varied methods to facilitate the use of technology for T1D therapy. |
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Cangelosi, G.; Mancin, S.; Morales Palomares, S.; Pantanetti, P.; Quinzi, E.; Debernardi, G.; Petrelli, F. Impact of School Nurse on Managing Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes with Technological Devices Support: A Systematic Review. Diseases 2024, 12, 173. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases12080173
Cangelosi G, Mancin S, Morales Palomares S, Pantanetti P, Quinzi E, Debernardi G, Petrelli F. Impact of School Nurse on Managing Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes with Technological Devices Support: A Systematic Review. Diseases. 2024; 12(8):173. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases12080173
Chicago/Turabian StyleCangelosi, Giovanni, Stefano Mancin, Sara Morales Palomares, Paola Pantanetti, Elisabetta Quinzi, Giulia Debernardi, and Fabio Petrelli. 2024. "Impact of School Nurse on Managing Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes with Technological Devices Support: A Systematic Review" Diseases 12, no. 8: 173. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases12080173