COVID-19, Nutrients and Lifestyle Eating Behaviors: A Narrative Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Definition of Research Question
2.3. Literature Search and Criteria
2.4. Data Synthesis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Studies Included
3.2. Vitamin D and Other Vitamins
3.3. Omega-3 and Probiotics
3.4. Lifestyle Eating Behaviors
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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First Author/Year/Country | Nutrients/Lifestyle Eating Behaviors | Type of Study | Sample | Principal Intervention | Principal Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sabico et al. (2020)/Saudi Arabia | Vitamin D3 | Multi-center RCT | 36 IG, 33 CG | Two weeks oral 5000 IU for IG or 1000 IU for CG | Significantly shorter days needed to resolve cough (6.2 ± 0.8 vs. 9.1 ± 0.8; p = 0.007) and ageusia (11.4 ± 1.0 vs. 16.9 ± 1.7; p = 0.035) |
Murai et al. (2020)/Brazil | Vitamin D3 | Multi-center RCT | 120 IG, 120 CG | Single oral dose of 200,000 IU of vitamin D3 or placebo | No significant differences found for hospital mortality, ICU admission, and mechanical ventilation support |
Thomas et al. (2020)/USA | VIT-C GZ | Multi-center RCT | 48 VIT-C, 58 GZ, 58 both, 50 usual care | 8000 mg of VIT-C (2–3 times/day with meals) 50 mg of GZ at bedtime, both therapies, or usual care | No significant differences in primary endpoint achievement among groups (p = 0.45) |
Tan et al. (2020)/Singapore | VIT-D Magnesium and B12 | Retrospective cohort | 17 DMB IG, 26 CG | 1000 IU D3, 150 mg/d magnesium, and 500 mcg/d vitamin B12 orally for 14 days after hospital admission | DMB exposure associated with lower odds of oxygen therapy or ICU support in univariate and multivariate analysis |
Caballero-García et al. (2020)/Spain | VIT-D | Pilot double-blind RCT | 15 IG, 15 CG | 6 weeks of treatment with VIT-D (2000 IU/day) | Increase in serum creatine kinase levels |
Rastogi et al. (2020)/India | Cholecalciferol | RCT | 16 IG, 24 CG | 60,000 IU oral per day of cholecalciferol for 7 days targeting 25OH-D > 50 ng/ml | Mean duration of SARS-CoV-2 negativity similar in both groups (p = 0.283) |
Maghbooli et al. (2020)/Iran | Cholecalciferol | Multi-center RCT | 53 IG (24 completed), 53 CG (19 completed) | 25 μg of 25OH-D daily | At 30 and 60 days, higher proportion of sufficient 25OH-D concentration in IG compared to CG |
Annweiler et al. (2020)/France | VIT-D | Multi-center RCT | 127 high-dose IG, 127 standard-dose CG | High-dose (400,000 IU) and standard-dose (50,000 IU) vitamin D3 | No maintained protective effect at 28 days; similar death rates between high-dose and standard-dose groups (p = 0.29) |
Mariani et al. (2020–2021)/Argentina | VIT-D | Multi-center RCT | 115 IG, 103 CG | 500,000 IU of vitamin D3 (5 capsules of 100,000 IU) | No significant differences for ICU admissions or in-hospital mortality between groups |
De Niet et al. (2020–2021)/Belgium | VIT-D | Single-center RCT | 26 IG, 24 CG | 25,000 IU per day of VIT-D for 4 days, then 25,000 IU per week for up to 6 weeks | No hospitalizations in IG after 21 days compared to 14% in CG; no significant mortality differences |
Karonova et al. (2020–2021)/Russia | Cholecalciferol | Single-center RCT | 56 IG, 54 CG | Cholecalciferol at 50,000 IU on first and eighth days of hospitalization | IG showed higher neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, lower C-RP level on ninth day of hospitalization |
Majidi et al. (2020)/Iran | VIT-C | Single-center RCT | 31 IG, 69 CG | One capsule of 500 mg of VIT-C daily for 14 days | Higher survival rate in IG (p = 0.028) |
Beigmohammadi et al. (2020)/Iran | Multi-vitamins (A-B-C-D-E) | Single-center RCT | 30 IG, 30 CG | 25,000 IU daily of vitamins A, 600,000 IU once during study of VIT-D, 300 IU twice daily of VIT-E, 500 mg four times daily of VIT-C, Vit-B complex for 7 days | Significant improvements in serum levels of vitamins, ESR, C-RP, IL6, TNF-a, and SOFA score after intervention |
Doaei et al. (2020)/Iran | Omega-3 | Single-center RCT | 28 IG, 73 CG | 1000 mg omega-3 daily containing 400 mg EPA and 200 mg DHA added in Enteral Formula for 2 weeks after ICU admission | Higher 1-month survival rate, arterial pH levels, bicarbonate, and base excess in IG compared to CG |
Gutiérrez-Castrellón et al. (2020)/Mexico | Probiotics | Single-center RCT | 147 IG, 146 CG | Strains Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KABP022, KABP023, KAPB033, Pediococcus acidilactici KABP021 (totaling 2 × 109 CFU) | Complete symptomatic remission and viral clearance at day 30 higher in IG [RR: 1.89 (95% CI 1.40–2.55); p < 0.001] |
Bhutani et al. (2020)/USA | Lifestyle eating behaviors | Cross-sectional study | 727 | Online survey | Mean body weight gain of 0.62 kg during lockdown, increased BMI (p < 0.01) |
Skotnicka et al. (2020)/Poland-Austria-United Kingdom | Lifestyle eating behaviors | Retrospective observational study | 1071 | Online survey | Increased frequency of eating, ordering ready meals, eating sweets, fruits, and drinking alcohol; decreased physical activity, increased body mass |
Cicero et al. (2020)/Italy | Lifestyle eating behaviors | Cross-sectional study | 359 | Phone interview | No significant changes in lifestyle or BMI (p = 0.361) |
Mascherini et al. (2020)/Italy | Lifestyle eating behaviors | Cross-sectional study | 1383 | Online survey | Increase in body weight from 64.9 ± 13.8 to 65.3 ± 14.1 kg (p < 0.001) |
Chin et al. (2020)/Malaysia | Lifestyle eating behaviors | Cross-sectional study | 1319 | Online survey | 41.2% felt eating patterns were healthier, 36.3% reduced physical activities, 25.7% had lower sleep quality |
Paltrinieri et al. (2020)/Italy | Lifestyle eating behaviors | Cross-sectional study | 1826 | Online survey | Working remotely or in usual modalities positively influenced lifestyle, reducing likelihood of worsening physical activity (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.31–0.79) |
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Cangelosi, G.; Palomares, S.M.; Pantanetti, P.; De Luca, A.; Biondini, F.; Nguyen, C.T.T.; Mancin, S.; Sguanci, M.; Petrelli, F. COVID-19, Nutrients and Lifestyle Eating Behaviors: A Narrative Review. Diseases 2024, 12, 193. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases12080193
Cangelosi G, Palomares SM, Pantanetti P, De Luca A, Biondini F, Nguyen CTT, Mancin S, Sguanci M, Petrelli F. COVID-19, Nutrients and Lifestyle Eating Behaviors: A Narrative Review. Diseases. 2024; 12(8):193. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases12080193
Chicago/Turabian StyleCangelosi, Giovanni, Sara Morales Palomares, Paola Pantanetti, Alessia De Luca, Federico Biondini, Cuc Thi Thu Nguyen, Stefano Mancin, Marco Sguanci, and Fabio Petrelli. 2024. "COVID-19, Nutrients and Lifestyle Eating Behaviors: A Narrative Review" Diseases 12, no. 8: 193. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases12080193