Open Innovation—Opportunities or Nightmares for the Shared Transport Services Sector?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Openness of Data and Innovation and the Sharing Economy
3. Methods and Stages of Research
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Ride Sharing Market by Type (E-hailing, Station-Based, Car Sharing & Rental), Car Sharing (P2P, Corporate), Service (Navigation, Payment, Information), Micro-Mobility (Bicycle, Scooter), Vehicle Type, and Region–Global Forecast to 2026. Available online: https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5351549/ride-sharing-market-by-type-e-hailing-station?utm_source=GNOM&utm_medium=PressRelease&utm_code=lsqc47&utm_campaign=1554819+-+Global+Ride+Sharing+Market+Report+2021%3a+Market+is+Projected+to+Grow+from+%2485.8+Billion+in+2021+and+Reach+%24185.1+Billion+in+2026&utm_exec=chdo54prd (accessed on 7 May 2022).
- Turoń, K.; Kubik, A.; Łazarz, B.; Czech, P.; Stanik, Z. Car-sharing in the context of car operation. In IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering, Proceedings of the International Scientific Automotive Conference on Automotive Vehicles and Combustion Engines (KONMOT)/Scientific Conference on Automotive Progress, Cracow, Poland, 13–14 September 2018; Brzezanski, M., Mitianiec, W., Eds.; IOP Publishing: Bristol, UK, 2018. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Paris Ends Autolib Electric Car Sharing Contract with Bollore, Reuters. Available online: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-autos-autolib-idUKKBN1JH2CM (accessed on 8 May 2022).
- Blanco, S. Car2go San Diego’s Latest ‘Update’ Is to Shut the Whole Thing Down. Point-to-Point Car Sharing Service Lasted Five Years. Autoblog. Available online: https://www.autoblog.com/2016/11/21/car2go-san-diego-shut-down/?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAGKgJpCmfXpkTEnStWFPdg6mIf4HKnPAFGCqvdHWgoGYKRyUa4HXvxyROnWxY4pIzYSf9Vr6bR1g5r105vkQXQN40xHIufkIUUgLqA3Vs_BHxLMSsvllGi39RU7Li1Q7HASVtTEtPpsnCuvbeOYCd5O4Vte8_FELLtI5_TTI1_Lf (accessed on 10 July 2018).
- Zhen, Y. Case Study of the Uber Failure in China: A Technoethical Analysis. Available online: https://ruor.uottawa.ca/bitstream/10393/37781/1/Zhen_Yu_2018_research%20paper.pdf (accessed on 8 May 2022).
- Ma, J. Analysis of the Failure of Ofo Sharing Bicycle Company and Possible Solutions. In Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Economic Management and Cultural Industry (ICEMCl 2020), Chengdu, China, 23–25 October 2020; Atlantis Press: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2020; pp. 147–152. [Google Scholar]
- Tech Crunch Portal. Bird Shuts Down Circ Operations in Middle East, Scraps as Many as 10,000 Scooters. Available online: https://techcrunch.com/2020/06/02/bird-shuts-down-circ-operations-in-middle-east-scraps-as-many-as-10000-scooters/ (accessed on 26 May 2022).
- Quirós, C.; Portela, J.; Marín, R. Differentiated models in the collaborative transport economy: A mixture analysis for Blablacar and Uber. Technol. Soc. 2021, 67, 101727. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Franckle, R.L.; Dunn, C.G.; Vercammen, K.A.; Dai, J.; Soto, M.J.; Bleich, S.N. Facilitators and barriers to bikeshare use among users and non-users in a socioeconomically diverse urban population. Prev. Med. Rep. 2020, 20, 101185. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ching-Fu, C.; Cheng-Chien, K.; Yi-Ju, L. Investigating barriers and facilitators of attitude and intention to use e-scooter sharing system. In Transport and Society—Proceeding of the 22nd International Conference of Hong Kong Society for Transportation Studies, HKSTS 2017; Chen, A., Sze, T.N.N., Eds.; Hong Kong Society for Transportation Studies Limited: Hong Kong, China, 2017; pp. 399–406. [Google Scholar]
- Aguilera-García, Á.; Gomez, J.; Sobrino, N.; Vinagre Díaz, J.J. Moped Scooter Sharing: Citizens’ Perceptions, Users’ Behavior, and Implications for Urban Mobility. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6886. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Qin, H.; Su, E.; Wang, Y.; Li, J. Branch-and-price-and-cut for the electric vehicle relocation problem in one-way carsharing systems. Omega 2022, 109, 102609. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, X.; Sun, H.; Zhang, S.; Lv, Y.; Li, T. Bike sharing rebalancing problem with variable demand. Phys. A Stat. Mech. Its Appl. 2022, 591, 126766. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Osorio, J.; Lei, C.; Ouyang, Y. Optimal rebalancing and on-board charging of shared electric scooters. Transp. Res. Part B Methodol. 2021, 147, 197–219. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- D’Andreagiovanni, F.; Nardin, A.; Carrese, S. An Analysis of the Service Coverage and Regulation of E-Scooter Sharing in Rome (Italy). Transp. Res. Procedia 2022, 60, 440–447. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tuli, F.M.; Mitra, S.; Crews, M.B. Factors influencing the usage of shared E-scooters in Chicago. Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract. 2021, 154, 164–185. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vanheusden, W.; van Dalen, J.; Mingardo, G. Governance and business policy impact on carsharing diffusion in European cities. Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ. 2022, 108, 103312. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Balac, M.; Ciari, C.; Axhausen, W.K. Modeling the impact of parking price policy on free-floating carsharing: Case study for Zurich, Switzerland. Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol. 2017, 77, 207–225. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bocken, N.; Jonca, A.; Södergren, K.; Palm, J. Emergence of Carsharing Business Models and Sustainability Impacts in Swedish Cities. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1594. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Boer, M.; Türetken, O.; Adali, O.E. A Review of Business Models for Shared Mobility and Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS): A Research Report. Eindhoven University of Technology. 2022. Available online: https://pure.tue.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/193329693/A_Review_of_Business_Models_for_Shared_Mobility_and_MaaS_A_Research_Report_2022.pdf (accessed on 26 May 2022).
- Minami, A.L.; Ramos, C.; Bortoluzzo, A.B. Sharing economy versus collaborative consumption: What drives consumers in the new forms of exchange? J. Bus. Res. 2021, 128, 124–137. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gandia, R.; Parmentier, G. Managing Open Innovation through Digital Boundary Control: The Case of Multi-Sided Platforms in the Collaborative Economy. J. Innov. Econ. Manag. 2020, 32, 159–180. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tremblay, D.-G.; Yagoubi, A. From Open Innovation to Crowd Sourcing: A New Configuration of Collaborative Work? Am. J. Ind. Bus. Manag. 2017, 7, 223–244. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Cohen, B.; Almirall, E.; Chesbrough, H. The City as a Lab: Open Innovation Meets the Collaborative Economy. Calif. Manag. Rev. 2016, 59, 5–13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wolniak, R. Main functions of operation management. Prod. Eng. Arch. 2020, 26, 11–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Petropoulos, G. Collaborative Economy: Market Design and Basic Regulatory Principles. Intereconomics 2017, 52, 340–345. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kwiatkowski, M.A. Bike-sharing-boom–rozwój nowych form zrównoważonego transportu w Polsce na przykładzie roweru publicznego. Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG 2018, 21, 60–69. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Czech, P.; Turoń, K.; Urbańczyk, R. Bike-sharing as an element of integrated Urban transport system. Advanced solutions of transport systems for growing mobility. In Scientific and Technical Conference Transport Systems Theory and Practice; TSTP 2017; Sierpiński, G., Ed.; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2017. [Google Scholar]
- Turoń, K.; Sierpiński, G. Bike-sharing as a possibility to support Vision Zero. In MATEC Web of Conferences, Proceedings of the 12th International Road Safety Conference GAMBIT 2018–Road Innovations for Safety–The National and Regional Perspective, Gdansk, Poland, 12–13 April 2018; EDP Sciences: Les Ulis, France, 2018. [Google Scholar]
- Delloite. Shared mobility in Poland. Overview. Available online: https://www.teraz-srodowisko.pl/media/pdf/aktualnosci/6982-mobility-in-poland-2019.pdf (accessed on 28 May 2022).
- Puzio, E. The development of shared mobility in Poland using the example of a city bike system. Res. Pap. Wrocław Univ. Econ. 2020, 64, 162–170. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Statista. Shared Mobility in Poland. Available online: https://www.statista.com/topics/6579/shared-mobility-in-poland/#topicHeader__wrapper (accessed on 27 May 2022).
- Research and Market Portal. Shared Mobility Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report by Service Model (Ride Hailing, Bike Sharing, Ride Sharing), by Vehicle Type (Cars, Two-Wheelers), by Region (North America, Europe, APAC, Latin America), and Segment Forecasts, 2022–2030. Available online: https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5595792/shared-mobility-market-size-share-and-trends?utm_source=BW&utm_medium=PressRelease&utm_code=qr3qtb&utm_campaign=1704132+-+World+Shared+Mobility+Market+Analysis+Report+2022-2030+Featuring+Car2Go%2c+Deutsche+Bahn+Connect%2c+Didi+Chuxing%2c+Drive+Now%2c+Evcard%2c+Flinkster%2c+Grab%2c+Greengo%2c+Lyft%2c+Uber%2c+%26+Zipcar&utm_exec=chdo54prd (accessed on 25 May 2022).
- Auto na Minuty Portal. Available online: https://autonaminuty.org/uslugi-polska/ (accessed on 28 May 2022).
- Bankier Portal. Vozilla Wyprzedaje “Elektryki”. Do Kupienia Ponad Sto Aut. Available online: https://www.bankier.pl/moto/vozilla-wyprzedaje-elektryki-do-kupienia-ponad-sto-aut-6367/ (accessed on 28 May 2022).
- Rzeczpospolita. Moto Raport. Available online: https://moto.rp.pl/tu-i-teraz/art17350741-innogy-go-konczy-z-elektrycznymi-autami-na-minuty (accessed on 28 May 2022).
- Transport Publiczny Poartal. Available online: https://www.transport-publiczny.pl/wiadomosci/zamieszanie-wokol-nowego-mevo-trwa-70021.html (accessed on 28 May 2022).
- Nowa Warszawa Portal. Available online: https://nowawarszawa.pl/dobry-rok-dla-citybee-ale-juz-bez-e-hulajnog/ (accessed on 28 May 2022).
- Matyja, T.; Kubik, A.; Stanik, Z. Possibility to Use Professional Bicycle Computers for the Scientific Evaluation of Electric Bikes: Trajectory, Distance, and Slope Data. Energies 2022, 15, 758. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wolny-Kucińska, A. Bike-sharing in functional urban areas hinterlands—The case of Poland. Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG 2020, 23, 41–57. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Matyja, T.; Kubik, A.; Stanik, Z. Possibility to Use Professional Bicycle Computers for the Scientific Evaluation of Electric Bikes: Velocity, Cadence and Power Data. Energies 2022, 15, 1127. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chesbrough, H. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation Landscape; Harvard Business Press: Brighton, MA, USA, 2006. [Google Scholar]
- Fabbri, J.; Manceau, D.; Moatti, V. Enter the open innovation matrix: How to (fully) open innovation process? Assoc. Rech. Publ. Manag. 2016, 4, 77–91. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Love, J.H.; Roper, S.; Vahter, P. Learning from openness: The dynamics of breadth in external innovation linkages: Research Notes and Commentaries. Strateg. Manag. J. 2014, 35, 1703–1716. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Huizingh, E.K.R.E. Open innovation: State of the art and future perspectives. Technovation 2011, 31, 2–9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chesbrough, H.; Kim, S.; Agogino, A. Chez Panisse: Building an Open Innovation Ecosystem. Calif. Manag. Rev. 2014, 56, 144–171. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Špaček, M.; Hájek, J. Open Innovation and Sharing Economy as Key Building Blocks of Collaborative Economy Approach. In Proceedings of the 11th International Days of Statistics and Economics, Prague, Czech Republic, 14–16 September 2017; Available online: https://msed.vse.cz/msed_2017/article/112-Spacek-Miroslav-paper.pdf (accessed on 8 May 2022).
- Ollila, S.; Elmquist, M. Managing Open Innovation: Exploring Challenges at the Interface of an Open Innovation Arena: Managing Open Innovation. Creat. Innov. Manag. 2011, 20, 273–283. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ottonicar, S.L.; Arraiza, P.M.; Fabiano, A. Opening Science and Innovation: Opportunities for Emerging Economies. Foresight and STI Governance. 2020. Available online: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Opening-Science-and-Innovation%3A-Opportunities-for-Ottonicar-Arraiza/bf0aca6372deb1ba22cbbb36cafa536ee7dd2174 (accessed on 24 December 2021).
- Brenk, S. Open Business Model Innovation–The Impact of Breadth, Depth, and Freedom of Collaboration. Acad. Manag. Proc. 2020, 2020, 21971. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Perkmann, M.; Walsh, K. University-industry relationships and open innovation: Towards a research agenda. Int. J. Manag. Rev. 2007, 9, 259–280. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Abulrub, A.-H.; Lee, J. Open innovation management: Challenges and prospects. Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci. 2012, 41, 130–138. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Christensen, J.F.; Olesen, M.H.; Kjær, J.S. The industrial dynamics of Open Innovation—Evidence from the transformation of consumer electronics. Res. Policy 2005, 34, 1533–1549. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rudnicka, A. The Issues of Social Responsibility in Collaborative Economy Business Models. J. Corp. Responsib. Leadership 2017, 4, 141–153. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Etter, M.; Fieseler, C.; Whelan, G. Sharing Economy, Sharing Responsibility? Corporate Social Responsibility in the Digital Age. J. Bus. Ethics. 2019, 159, 935–942. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hwang, J. Managing the innovation legitimacy of the sharing economy. Int. J. Qual. Innov. 2018, 5, 1. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Roszkowska-Menkes, T.M. Integrating strategic CSR and open innovation. Towards a conceptual framework. Soc. Responsib. J. 2018, 14, 950–966. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Holmes, S.; Smart, P. Exploring open innovation practice in firm-nonprofit engagements: A corporate social responsibility perspective. RD Manag. 2009, 39, 394–409. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Van Leen, R.; Lubben, M. Open Innovation and Successful Venturing. In The PDMA Handbook of New Product Development; John Wiley & Sons: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2012. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ili, S.; Albers, A.; Miller, S. Open innovation in the automotive industry. RD Manag. 2010, 40, 246–255. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bogers, M. The open innovation paradox: Knowledge sharing and protection in R&D Collaborations. J. Innov. Manag. 2011, 14, 93–117. [Google Scholar]
- Hrastinski, S.; Kviselius, N.Z.; Ozan, H.; Edenius, M. A review of technologies for open innovation characteristics and future trends. In Proceedings of the 43rd Hawaii International Conference System Sciences (HICSS), Honolulu, HI, USA, 5–8 January 2010; pp. 1–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dodgson, M.; Gann, D.; Salter, A. Think, Play, Do: Technology. In Innovation, and Organization; Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, 2005. [Google Scholar]
- Ivascu, L.; Cirjaliu, B.; Draghici, A. Business Model for the University-industry Collaboration in Open Innovation. Procedia Econ. Financ. 2016, 39, 674–678. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Battistella, C.; Nonino, F. Open innovation web-based platforms: The impact of different forms of motivation collaboration. Innovation 2012, 14, 557–575. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bogers, M.; Zobel, A.-K.; Afuah, A.; Almirall, E.; Brunswicker, S.; Dahlander, L.; Frederiksen, L.; Gawer, A.; Gruber, M.; Haefliger, S.; et al. The open innovation research landscape: Established perspectives and emerging themes across different levels of analysis. Ind. Innov. 2017, 24, 8–40. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chesbrough, H. Open Innovation: Where We’ve Been and Where We’re Going. Res. Technol. Manag. 2012, 55, 20–27. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kirschbaum, R. Open Innovation in Practice. Res. Technol. Manag. 2005, 48, 24–28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Igartua, J.I.; Garrigós, J.A.; Hervas-Oliver, J.H. How Innovation Management Techniques Support an Open Innovation Strategy. Res. Technol. Manag. 2010, 53, 41–52. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bowonder, B.; Dambal, A.; Kumar, S.; Shirodkar, A. Innovation Strategies for Creating Competitive Advantage. Res. Technol. Manag. 2010, 53, 19–32. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Traitler, H.; Heribert, J.; Watzke, I.; Saguy, S. Reinventing R&D in an Open Innovation Ecosystem. J. Food Sci. 2011, 76, R62–R68. [Google Scholar]
- Manfredio, S.; Antonelli, R. The Collaborative Enterprise in the Knowledge Economy: Motivation profiles. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Knowledge Management, Barcelona, Spain, 7–8 September 2017; pp. 601–608. [Google Scholar]
- Le, H.T.; Dao, Q.T.; Pham, V.C.; Tran, D.T. Manlio Del Giudice (Reviewing editor). Global trend of open innovation research: A bibliometric analysis. Cogent Bus. Manag. 2019, 6, 1633808. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bigliardi, B.; Ferraro, G.; Filippelli, S.; Galati, F. The past, present and future of open innovation. Eur. J. Innov. Manag. 2021, 24, 1130–1161. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Flamini, G.; Pellegrini, M.M.; Fakhar Manesh, M.; Caputo, A. Entrepreneurial approach for open innovation: Opening new opportunities, mapping knowledge and highlighting gaps. Int. J. Entrep. Behav. Res. 2021. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Olkiewicz, M.; Wolniak, R.; Eva-Grebski, M.; Olkiewicz, A. Comparative Analysis of the Impact of the Business Incubator Center on the Economic Sustainable Development of Regions in USA and Poland. Sustainability 2019, 11, 173. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Carayannis, E.; Meissner, D. Glocal targeted open innovation: Challenges, opportunities and implications for theory, policy and practice. J. Technol. Transf. 2017, 42, 236–252. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wolniak, R.; Skotnicka-Zasadzien, B. The concept study of Servqual method’s gap. Qual. Quant. 2012, 46, 1239–1247. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- West, J.; Vanhaverbeke, W.; Chesbrough, H. Open Innovation: A Research Agenda; Oxford University Press: New York, NY, USA, 2006. [Google Scholar]
- Payán-Sánchez, B.; Belmonte-Ureña, L.J.; Plaza-Úbeda, J.A.; Vazquez-Brust, D.; Yakovleva, N.; Pérez-Valls, M. Open Innovation for Sustainability or Not: Literature Reviews of Global Research Trends. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1136. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mishin, V.M. Research of Control Systems. In Textbook for Universities; Unity-Dana: Moscow, Russia, 2003. [Google Scholar]
- Reck, D.J.; Axhausen, K.W. Who uses shared micro-mobility services? Empirical evidence from Zurich, Switzerland. Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ. 2021, 94, 102803. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Neumann, T. The Impact of Carsharing on Transport in the City. Case Study of Tri-City in Poland. Sustainability 2021, 13, 688. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hahn, R.; Ostertag, F.; Lehr, A.; Büttgen, M.; Benoit, S. I like it, but I don’t use it: Impact of carsharing business models on usage intentions in the sharing economy. Bus. Strategy Environ. 2020, 29, 1404–1418. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Valor, C. Anticipated emotions and resistance to innovations: The case of p2p car sharing. Environ. Innov. Soc. Transit. 2020, 37, 50–65. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shui, C.S.; Szeto, W.Y. A review of bicycle-sharing service planning problems. Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol. 2020, 117, 102648. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stoma, M.; Dudziak, A.; Caban, J.; Droździel, P. The Future of Autonomous Vehicles in the Opinion of Automotive Market Users. Energies 2021, 14, 4777. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hajishirzi, R.; Costa, C.J.; Aparicio, M. Boosting Sustainability through Digital Transformation’s Domains and Resilience. Sustainability 2022, 14, 1822. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Turoń, K.; Kubik, A. Open Innovation—Opportunities or Nightmares for the Shared Transport Services Sector? J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex. 2022, 8, 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8020101
Turoń K, Kubik A. Open Innovation—Opportunities or Nightmares for the Shared Transport Services Sector? Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2022; 8(2):101. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8020101
Chicago/Turabian StyleTuroń, Katarzyna, and Andrzej Kubik. 2022. "Open Innovation—Opportunities or Nightmares for the Shared Transport Services Sector?" Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, no. 2: 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8020101