Development of Business Models in the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Conditions in the Context of Empirical Research on Worldwide Scope Companies Located in Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Framework
- Artificial intelligence that automates the recognition of events and decision making.
- Connectivity that creates connections between separate network nodes and increases the level of availability of market participants.
- Flexible automation, which includes automation and remote monitoring.
3. Materials and Methods
- How do companies view the Fourth Industrial Revolution and its impact on the company’s business model?
- At what stage of digitalization are the surveyed companies?
- In what areas have the business models of the surveyed companies changed under the influence of implemented Industry 4.0 technologies?
- What are the barriers to implementing Industry 4.0 technologies?
4. Results
4.1. The Results of the Surveys
4.2. Verification of Hypotheses
5. Discussion
5.1. Business Model in the 4th Industrial Revolution
5.2. Business Model with Open Innovtion Dynamics in the 4th Industrial Revolution
- There is a dynamic pushing of the boundaries of existing business models;
- The bottom-up framework of the modern business model is expanded through the pillars of Industry 4.0;
- The frontal neighborhood of the modern business model is cultivated and cyber-physical networks of cooperating enterprises are formed within it;
- The key actors in this concept are engineers, technology, customers, and social entrepreneurs.
- The new role of customers as partners and participants in the product design process;
- Partners working in a cyber-physical network, forming agile teams to deliver a specific project;
- Automated production in line with personalized customer expectations;
- Manufacturing as a service;
- Eliminating unused production capacity by making spare capacity available to cyber-physical network partners;
- Offering personalized products, maximally adapted to customer preferences, at the price of a mass-produced product;
- Partnering with the customer throughout the entire product lifecycle, having a positive impact on sustainable consumption;
- Servitization.
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Industry 4.0 Technologies | Implemented | Implementation Is in Progress | We Do Not Plan to Implement |
---|---|---|---|
Autonomous Robots | 4 | 2 | 64 |
Big Data | 15 | 3 | 52 |
Cloud Computing | 18 | 4 | 48 |
Systems Integration | 24 | 16 | 30 |
Additive Manufacturing | 5 | 3 | 62 |
Industrial Internet of Things | 12 | 6 | 52 |
Augmented Reality | 21 | 7 | 42 |
Simulations | 29 | 7 | 34 |
Technologies Supporting Cyber Security | 65 | 5 | 0 |
Industry 4.0 Technologies | Rating on a Scale of 1–5 (Where 1 Indicates No Importance and 5 Indicates Very High Importance) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
Autonomous Robots | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 64 |
Big Data | 2 | 23 | 34 | 9 | 2 |
Cloud Computing | 4 | 22 | 29 | 12 | 3 |
Systems Integration | 2 | 12 | 38 | 15 | 3 |
Additive Manufacturing | 2 | 15 | 28 | 19 | 6 |
Industrial Internet of Things | 0 | 10 | 13 | 23 | 24 |
Augmented Reality | 0 | 7 | 19 | 16 | 28 |
Simulations | 0 | 5 | 17 | 12 | 10 |
Technologies Supporting Cyber Security | 7 | 23 | 12 | 19 | 9 |
Aspects of the Company’s Business Model | Rating on a Scale of 1–5 (Where 1 Indicates No Importance and 5 Indicates Very High Importance) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
Increase in productivity and efficiency of external processes | 2 | 18 | 45 | 3 | 2 |
Increase in efficiency and effectiveness of internal processes | 0 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 57 |
More efficient company management | 0 | 2 | 6 | 58 | 4 |
Decrease in costs | 0 | 9 | 15 | 43 | 3 |
Increase in sales | 12 | 19 | 37 | 2 | 0 |
Increase in profitability | 0 | 15 | 17 | 36 | 2 |
Creating a new business model for the company | 25 | 28 | 12 | 2 | 3 |
Increasing the quality of customer service | 0 | 12 | 18 | 34 | 6 |
Possibility to offer personalized products at a price similar to those of mass production | 4 | 48 | 12 | 3 | 4 |
Ability to offer personalized services at a price similar to those of a standard offering | 5 | 50 | 12 | 2 | 1 |
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Grabowska, S.; Saniuk, S. Development of Business Models in the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Conditions in the Context of Empirical Research on Worldwide Scope Companies Located in Poland. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex. 2022, 8, 86. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8020086
Grabowska S, Saniuk S. Development of Business Models in the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Conditions in the Context of Empirical Research on Worldwide Scope Companies Located in Poland. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2022; 8(2):86. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8020086
Chicago/Turabian StyleGrabowska, Sandra, and Sebastian Saniuk. 2022. "Development of Business Models in the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Conditions in the Context of Empirical Research on Worldwide Scope Companies Located in Poland" Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, no. 2: 86. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8020086
APA StyleGrabowska, S., & Saniuk, S. (2022). Development of Business Models in the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Conditions in the Context of Empirical Research on Worldwide Scope Companies Located in Poland. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(2), 86. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8020086