Pharmacists’ Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Recommendations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Development and Calibration of the Questionnaire
2.3. Data Analysis
2.4. Ethics Approval
3. Results
3.1. Demographics
3.2. Pharmacist Characteristics
3.3. Certification
3.4. COVID-19 Vaccine
3.5. SIV Recommendations to High-Risk Groups
3.6. SIV Recommendations to Family Members
3.7. SIV Recommendations to Patients
3.8. SIV Recommendations to Coworkers
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | N | % |
---|---|---|
Sex | ||
Female | 409 | 72.5% |
Male | 155 | 27.5% |
Age | ||
<30 | 74 | 13.1% |
30–39 | 144 | 25.5% |
40–49 | 173 | 30.7% |
50+ | 173 | 30.7% |
Certification | ||
Yes | 372 | 66.0% |
No | 192 | 34.0% |
Practice area | ||
Rural | 77 | 13.7% |
Urban | 487 | 86.3% |
Position | ||
Owner | 93 | 16.5% |
Manager | 152 | 27.0% |
Assistant manager | 227 | 40.2% |
Non-managerial | 92 | 16.3% |
CP per team | ||
1 to 2 | 153 | 27.1% |
3 to 5 | 389 | 69.0% |
6+ | 22 | 3.9% |
SIV season 2019/2020 | ||
Yes | 271 | 48.0% |
No | 293 | 52.0% |
Pregnant Women | Chronic Disease | Immunocompromised | Aged 65+ Years | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
Sex | ||||||||
Female | 1.14 | 0.74–1.77 | 0.78 | 0.51–1.19 | 0.80 | 0.52–1.22 | 0.81 | 0.52–1.25 |
Male | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Age | ||||||||
<30 | 0.52 | 0.26–1.05 | 0.42 * | 0.22–0.80 | 0.49 * | 0.26–0.92 | 1.22 | 0.63–2.35 |
30–39 | 1.40 | 0.84–2.31 | 0.94 | 0.57–1.54 | 0.89 | 0.54–1.46 | 0.98 | 0.59–1.64 |
40–49 | 1.01 | 0.63–1.62 | 0.92 | 0.58–1.46 | 0.69 | 0.43–1.09 | 1.45 | 0.88–2.37 |
50+ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Certification | ||||||||
Yes | 2.02 * | 1.33–3.08 | 2.15 * | 1.44–3.23 | 2.17 * | 1.45–3.25 | 1.85 * | 1.24–2.76 |
No | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Practice area | ||||||||
Rural | 1.48 | 0.87–2.52 | 2.38 * | 1.39–4.07 | 0.64 | 0.38–1.10 | 3.09 * | 1.55–6.17 |
Urban | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Position | ||||||||
Owner | 0.99 | 0.52–1.88 | 0.76 | 0.40–1.43 | 0.75 | 0.40–1.42 | 0.75 | 0.37–1.50 |
Manager | 1.18 | 0.66–2.11 | 0.80 | 0.45–1.42 | 0.94 | 0.53–1.67 | 0.74 | 0.40–1.38 |
Assistant manager | 0.55 | 0.32–0.94 | 0.62 | 0.36–1.05 | 0.71 | 0.42–1.21 | 0.67 | 0.38–1.18 |
Non-managerial | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
SIV status 2019/20 | ||||||||
Yes | 2.80 * | 1.92–4.09 | 2.79 * | 1.94–4.02 | 3.28 * | 2.27–4.72 | 2.24 * | 1.51–3.33 |
No | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
CP per team | ||||||||
1 to 2 | 0.55 | 0.20–1.48 | 0.58 | 0.22–1.55 | 0.87 | 0.32–2.34 | 1.60 | 0.59–4.33 |
3 to 5 | 0.84 | 0.33–2.15 | 0.94 | 0.37–2.39 | 1.24 | 0.48–3.21 | 1.21 | 0.48–3.10 |
6+ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Pregnant Women | Chronic Disease | Immunocompromised | Aged 65+ Years | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
Sex | ||||||||
Female | 1.35 | 0.90–2.04 | 1.25 | 0.83–1.89 | 0.85 | 0.55–1.32 | 0.45 | 0.19–1.16 |
Male | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Age | ||||||||
<30 | 0.93 | 0.51–1.71 | 0.96 | 0.51–1.81 | 0.70 | 0.36–1.35 | 1.31 | 0.32–5.27 |
30–39 | 0.77 | 0.47–1.26 | 0.76 | 0.46–1.25 | 0.70 | 0.41–1.20 | 0.40 | 0.16–0.97 |
40–49 | 1.05 | 0.66–1.67 | 1.02 | 0.63–1.63 | 0.55 | 0.34–0.89 | 1.21 | 0.45–3.29 |
50+ | – | – | – | – | - | – | – | – |
Certification | ||||||||
Yes | 1.28–2.76 | 1.95 * | 1.33–2.87 | 1.52 * | 1.02–2.26 | 2.43 * | 1.17–5.05 | |
No | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Practice area | ||||||||
Rural | 0.58 | 0.34–1.01 | 0.47 | 0.26–0.85 | 0.79 | 0.45–1.40 | 0.33 | 0.08–1.44 |
Urban | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Position | ||||||||
Owner | 1.24 | 0.66–2.34 | 0.97 | 0.51–1.85 | 1.13 | 0.58–2.17 | 1.69 | 0.45–6.30 |
Manager | 1.52 | 0.86–2.71 | 1.10 | 0.62–1.95 | 1.39 | 0.77–2.49 | 1.33 | 0.44–4.01 |
Assistant manager | 0.79 | 0.47–1.32 | 1.09 | 0.65–1.86 | 1.34 | 0.79–2.28 | 0.95 | 0.37–2.45 |
Non-managerial | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
SIV status 2019/20 | ||||||||
Yes | 1.80 * | 1.25–2.58 | 1.78 * | 1.23–2.59 | 1.72 * | 1.17–2.53 | 0.59 | 0.29–1.22 |
No | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
CP per team | ||||||||
1 to 2 | 0.66 | 0.25–1.74 | 1.17 | 0.45–3.05 | 1.10 | 0.40–2.98 | 0.50 | 0.06–4.59 |
3 to 5 | 1.05 | 0.42–2.66 | 1.32 | 0.53–3.29 | 1.07 | 0.42–2.77 | 0.50 | 0.06–4.14 |
6+ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Pregnant Women | Chronic Disease | Immunocompromised | Aged 65+ Years | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
Sex | ||||||||
Female | 1.36 | 0.90–2.06 | 1.12 | 0.74–1.68 | 1.06 | 0.70–1.60 | 1.20 | 0.79–1.83 |
Male | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Age | ||||||||
<30 | 0.92 | 0.50–1.69 | 0.36 * | 0.19–0.67 | 0.47 * | 0.25–0.86 | 0.41 * | 0.22–0.77 |
30–39 | 0.88 | 0.54–1.43 | 0.57 * | 0.35–0.93 | 0.56 * | 0.34–0.91 | 0.52 * | 0.32–0.85 |
40–49 | 0.75 | 0.48–1.18 | 0.51 * | 0.32–0.80 | 0.37 * | 0.24–0.59 | 0.36 * | 0.23–0.58 |
50+ | – | – | – | – | - | – | – | – |
Certification | ||||||||
Yes | 2.10 * | 1.42–3.11 | 2.42 * | 1.64–3.58 | 1.80 * | 1.22–2.65 | 2.02 * | 1.35–3.01 |
No | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Practice area | ||||||||
Rural | 0.65 | 0.39–1.09 | 0.90 | 0.54–1.50 | 0.89 | 0.53–1.48 | 0.71 | 0.42–1.19 |
Urban | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Position | ||||||||
Owner | 2.41 * | 1.28–4.52 | 1.91 * | 1.01–3.62 | 1.95 * | 1.03–3.68 | 1.32 | 0.70–2.48 |
Manager | 1.63 | 0.93–2.84 | 2.13 * | 1.21–3.77 | 2.68 * | 1.51–4.76 | 1.73 | 0.98–3.07 |
Assistant manager | 0.77 | 0.46–1.29 | 1.31 | 0.78–2.20 | 1.40 | 0.83–2.37 | 0.90 | 0.53–1.53 |
Non-managerial | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
SIV status 2019/20 | ||||||||
Yes | 1.56 * | 1.08–2.23 | 1.57 * | 1.09–2.24 | 1.94 * | 1.35–2.77 | 1.92 * | 1.34–2.76 |
No | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
CP per team | ||||||||
1 to 2 | 0.57 | 0.22–1.49 | 1.51 | 0.58–3.92 | 1.16 | 0.45–3.03 | 1.02 | 0.39–2.70 |
3 to 5 | 0.42 | 0.17–1.05 | 1.00 | 0.40–2.51 | 0.85 | 0.34–2.11 | 1.02 | 0.41–2.58 |
6+ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
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Langer, R.; Thanner, M. Pharmacists’ Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Recommendations. Pharmacy 2022, 10, 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy10030051
Langer R, Thanner M. Pharmacists’ Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Recommendations. Pharmacy. 2022; 10(3):51. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy10030051
Chicago/Turabian StyleLanger, Roland, and Mirjam Thanner. 2022. "Pharmacists’ Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Recommendations" Pharmacy 10, no. 3: 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy10030051
APA StyleLanger, R., & Thanner, M. (2022). Pharmacists’ Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Recommendations. Pharmacy, 10(3), 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy10030051