Factors Determining Quality of Drug Information by Hospital Pharmacies—Results from Five-Year Annual Quality Assessment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Annual DI Quality Assessment
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Statistical Analysis
2.4. Ethics Approval
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Annual Assessment
3.2. Multivariate Logistic Regression on the Influence of Parameters on Content-Related Quality of Answers
3.3. Multivariate Logistic Regression on the Influence of Parameters on Structural Quality of Answers
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Answer corresponding to question |
Logical organization of answer |
Conclusion/recommendation presented |
Conclusion/recommendation logically deduced of presented information |
References given |
References presented in a way they can be tracked/checked |
Correct grammar and spelling |
Absence of unclear or misleading information |
Good readability and understandability |
Length of answer appropriate |
Test Year | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Topic | Contraindication/drug choice | Preoperative drug management | Drugs in lactation | Overdose/toxicology | Adverse drug reaction |
Enquiry level [25] | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
No. of predefined essential information | 3 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 5 |
No. of predefined additional useful information | 6 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 6 |
Year | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2017–2021 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of participants [n (%)] | 45 (100) | 71 (100) | 79 (100) | 118 (100) | 122 (100) | 435 (100) |
Characteristics of participants | ||||||
No. of pharmacists [median (range)] | 6 (2–26) | 5.5 (1–29) | 6.5 (2–33) | 6 (1–34) | 6 (2–25) | 6 (1–34) |
DI Organization 1 | ||||||
DI center [n (%)] | 11 (25) | 17 (24) | 18 (23) | 19 (16) | 16 (13) | 81 (19) |
Pharmacist per day [n (%)] | 5 (11) | 5 (7) | 10 (13) | 4 (3) | 4 (3) | 28 (6) |
On routine [n (%)] | 29 (64) | 49 (69) | 47 (60) | 93 (79) | 87 (71) | 305 (70) |
Unknown [n (%)] | 0 | 0 | 4 (5) | 2 (2) | 15 (12) | 21 (5) |
No. of quality measures 2 [median (range)] | 3 (1–4) | 2 (0–4) | 3 (1–4) | 2.5 (0–4) | 3 (0–4) | 3 (0–4) |
Level DI experience of the answering pharmacist 3 [median (range)] | 4 (1–4) | 3 (1–4) | 3 (0–4) | 3 (1–4) | 3 (1–4) | 3 (0–4) |
Content-related results on test inquiry | ||||||
No. of participants with all essential information [n (%)] | 28 (62) | 22 (31) | 74 (94) | 88 (75) | 8 (7) | 220 (49) |
No. of optional contents [median (range)] | 4 (0–7) | 4 (0–8) | 5 (2–8) | 3 (0–8) | 2 (0–6) | 3 (0–8) |
No. of participants with irrelevant information [n (%)] | 11 (24) | 20 (28) | 19 (24) | 53 (45) | 35 (29) | 138 (32) |
No. of participants with misleading or wrong information [n (%)] | 8 (18) | 11 (15) | 35 (44) | 15 (13) | 14 (12) | 83 (19) |
Results on structural requirements for test enquiry (max. 10) | ||||||
No. of fulfilled structural requirements [median (range)] | 7 (1–10) | 8 (2–10) | 8 (2–9) | 8 (2–10) | 9 (2–10) | 8 (1–10) |
Length of answer appropriate [n (%)] | 27 (60) | 41 (58) | 54 (68) | 78 (66) | 84 (69) | 284 (65) |
No. of answers with named references [n (%)] | 36 (80) | 59 (83) | 77 (97) | 110 (93) | 115 (94) | 397 (91) |
No. of answers with trackable references [n (%)] | 21 (47) | 50 (70) | 53 (67) | 98 (81) | 107 (88) | 327 (75) |
No. of answers presenting conclusion/recommendation [n (%)] | 27 (60) | 40 (56) | 63 (80) | 70 (59) | 107 (88) | 307 (71) |
Parameter | Coefficient | OR | 95% CI | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
A: All essential information presented | ||||
Year 2017 | 1.45 | 4.28 | 0.98–18.6 | 0.05 |
Year 2018 | −1.40 | 0.25 | 0.11–0.56 | <0.01 |
Year 2019 | 2.10 | 8.19 | 2.69–24.9 | <0.01 |
Year 2020 | 0.69 | 1.99 | 0.92–4.31 | 0.08 |
Year 2021 | −3.13 | 0.04 | 0.01–0.11 | <0.01 |
DI center | reference | - | - | - |
Pharmacist responsible per day | −0.29 | 0.74 | 0.21–2.67 | 0.65 |
DI in addition to routine tasks | −1.04 | 0.35 | 0.15–0.83 | 0.02 |
No. of Pharmacists | 0.01 | 1.01 | 0.94–1.06 | 0.88 |
Experience in DI | −0.09 | 0.91 | 0.72–1.15 | 0.43 |
Second look | 0.38 | 1.47 | 0.84–2.56 | 0.17 |
Experience on ward | −0.15 | 0.86 | 0.45–1.62 | 0.64 |
Documentation system | −0.01 | 0.99 | 0.54–1.80 | 0.98 |
B: Percentage of essential information fulfilled | ||||
Year 2017 | 0.86 | 2.38 | 2.13–2.65 | <0.01 |
Year 2018 | −0.03 | 0.96 | 0.89–1.04 | 0.34 |
Year 2019 | 0.13 | 1.15 | 1.07–1.23 | <0.01 |
Year 2020 | 0.08 | 1.08 | 1.01–1.15 | 0.02 |
Year 2021 | −0.15 | 0.86 | 0.80–0.91 | <0.01 |
DI center | Reference | - | - | - |
Pharmacist responsible per day | −0.02 | 0.97 | 0.89–1.06 | 0.57 |
DI in addition to routine tasks | −0.06 | 0.93 | 0.89–0.99 | 0.04 |
No of Pharmacists | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | 0.58 |
Experience DI | −0.01 | 0.99 | 0.98–1.01 | 0.68 |
Second look | 0.01 | 1.01 | 0.97–1.05 | 0.58 |
Experience on ward | −0.01 | 0.99 | 0.95–1.56 | 0.80 |
Documentation system | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.96–1.04 | 0.98 |
Parameter | Coefficient | OR | 95% CI | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
A: References given | ||||
Year 2017 | 1.57 | 4.82 | 0.34–67.2 | 0.24 |
Year 2018 | 0.31 | 1.36 | 0.48–3.81 | 0.56 |
Year 2019 | 2.40 | 10.99 | 2.13–56.7 | <0.01 |
Year 2020 | 1.45 | 4.27 | 1.42–7.33 | <0.01 |
Year 2021 | 1.68 | 5.39 | 1.63–17.8 | <0.01 |
DI center | reference | - | - | - |
Pharmacist responsible per day | −3.15 | 0.04 | 0.01–0.45 | <0.01 |
DI in addition to routine tasks | −2.04 | 0.13 | 0.01–1.15 | 0.07 |
No of Pharmacists | 0.03 | 1.03 | 0.92–1.15 | 0.61 |
Experience DI | 0.20 | 1.22 | 0.89–1.66 | 0.21 |
Second look | 0.68 | 1.97 | 0.91–4.29 | 0.09 |
Experience on ward | 0.74 | 2.09 | 0.94–2.29 | 0.07 |
Documentation system | 0.08 | 1.08 | 0.49–2.37 | 0.85 |
B: References given in trackable way | ||||
Year 2017 | −0.93 | 0.39 | 0.10–1.56 | 0.18 |
Year 2018 | 1.06 | 2.89 | 1.30–6.54 | 0.01 |
Year 2019 | 0.86 | 2.36 | 1.05–5.28 | 0.04 |
Year 2020 | 1.65 | 5.19 | 2.34–11.5 | <0.01 |
Year 2021 | 2.13 | 8.45 | 3.52–20.2 | <0.01 |
DI center | reference | - | - | - |
Pharmacist responsible per day | −0.69 | 0.50 | 0.17–1.51 | 0.22 |
DI in addition to routine tasks | −0.26 | 0.77 | 0.33–1.79 | 0.54 |
No of Pharmacists | 0.05 | 1.05 | 0.98–1.12 | 0.11 |
Experience DI | −0.04 | 0.96 | 0.78–1.18 | 0.11 |
Second look | 0.65 | 1.92 | 1.16–3.17 | 0.01 |
Experience on ward | 0.38 | 1.46 | 0.93–2.57 | 0.19 |
Documentation system | 0.26 | 1.30 | 0.76–2.22 | 0.32 |
C: Conclusion presented | ||||
Year 2017 | −0.01 | 0.99 | 0.26–3.71 | 0.98 |
Year 2018 | −0.19 | 0.82 | 0.37–4.07 | 0.64 |
Year 2019 | 1.00 | 2.72 | 1.55–6.46 | 0.02 |
Year 2020 | −0.01 | 0.99 | 0.43–2.09 | 0.98 |
Year 2021 | 1.52 | 4.59 | 1.94–10.86 | <0.01 |
DI center | Reference | - | - | - |
Pharmacist responsible per day | −0.58 | 0.56 | 0.18–1.71 | 0.31 |
DI in addition to routine tasks | −0.58 | 0.56 | 0.25–1.24 | 0.15 |
No of Pharmacists | 0.06 | 1.06 | 1.01–1.13 | 0.04 |
Experience DI | 0.16 | 1.17 | 0.96–1.42 | 0.11 |
Second look | 0.39 | 1.47 | 0.92–2.36 | 0.11 |
Experience on ward | −0.45 | 0.64 | 0.36–1.12 | 0.11 |
Documentation system | 0.22 | 1.24 | 0.75–2.05 | 0.39 |
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Strobach, D.; Chiriac, U.; Klausner, S.; Krebs, S.; Langebrake, C.; Querbach, C.; Schuhmacher, C.; Schulte, R.; Wiegrebe, S.; Amann, U. Factors Determining Quality of Drug Information by Hospital Pharmacies—Results from Five-Year Annual Quality Assessment. Pharmacy 2024, 12, 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy12040109
Strobach D, Chiriac U, Klausner S, Krebs S, Langebrake C, Querbach C, Schuhmacher C, Schulte R, Wiegrebe S, Amann U. Factors Determining Quality of Drug Information by Hospital Pharmacies—Results from Five-Year Annual Quality Assessment. Pharmacy. 2024; 12(4):109. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy12040109
Chicago/Turabian StyleStrobach, Dorothea, Ute Chiriac, Sigrun Klausner, Sabine Krebs, Claudia Langebrake, Christiane Querbach, Carolin Schuhmacher, Rickmer Schulte, Simon Wiegrebe, and Ute Amann. 2024. "Factors Determining Quality of Drug Information by Hospital Pharmacies—Results from Five-Year Annual Quality Assessment" Pharmacy 12, no. 4: 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy12040109