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Volume 13
Issue 7
10.3390/technologies13070284
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Intelligent Automated Monitoring and Curing System for Cracks in Concrete Elements Using Integrated Sensors and Embedded Controllers

by
Papa Pio Ascona García
1,*,
Guido Elar Ordoñez Carpio
2,
Wilmer Moisés Zelada Zamora
2,
Marco Antonio Aguirre Camacho
1,
Wilmer Rojas Pintado
1,
Emerson Julio Cuadros Rojas
3,
Hipatia Merlita Mundaca Ramos
4 and
Nilthon Arce Fernández
5
1
Academic Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Intercultural University Fabiola Salazar Leguía de Bagua, Bagua 01721, Peru
2
Academic Department of Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru
3
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Roads, Canals and Ports, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona Tech—UPC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
4
Academic Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, National Intercultural University Fabiola Salazar Leguía de Bagua, Bagua 01721, Peru
5
Academic Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Jaén, Jaén 06800, Peru
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Technologies 2025, 13(7), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13070284
Submission received: 22 May 2025 / Revised: 19 June 2025 / Accepted: 25 June 2025 / Published: 3 July 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Construction Technologies)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

This study addresses the formation, detection, and repair of cracks in concrete elements exposed to temperatures above 25 °C, where accelerated evaporation compromises their structural strength. An automated intelligent curing system with embedded sensors (DS18B20, HD-38) and Arduino controllers was developed and applied to solid slabs, columns, and concrete test specimens (1:2:3.5 mix ratio). The electronic design was simulated in Proteus and validated experimentally under tropical conditions. Data with normal distribution (p > 0.05) showed a significant correlation between internal and ambient temperature (r = 0.587; p = 0.001) and a low correlation in humidity (r = 0.143; p = 0.468), indicating hygrometric independence. The system healed cracks of 0.01 mm observed two hours after pouring the mixture, associated with an evaporation rate of 1.097 mL/s in 4 m2. For 28 days, automated irrigation cycles were applied every 30 to 60 min, with a total of 1680 L, achieving a 20% reduction in water consumption compared to traditional methods. The system maintained stable thermal conditions in the concrete despite ambient temperatures of up to 33.85 °C. A critical evaporation range was identified between 11:00 and 16:00 (UTC-5). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the embedded system in optimizing curing, water efficiency, and concrete durability.
Keywords: concrete cracking; temperature and humidity control; water evaporation concrete cracking; temperature and humidity control; water evaporation

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Ascona García, P.P.; Ordoñez Carpio, G.E.; Zelada Zamora, W.M.; Aguirre Camacho, M.A.; Rojas Pintado, W.; Cuadros Rojas, E.J.; Mundaca Ramos, H.M.; Arce Fernández, N. Intelligent Automated Monitoring and Curing System for Cracks in Concrete Elements Using Integrated Sensors and Embedded Controllers. Technologies 2025, 13, 284. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13070284

AMA Style

Ascona García PP, Ordoñez Carpio GE, Zelada Zamora WM, Aguirre Camacho MA, Rojas Pintado W, Cuadros Rojas EJ, Mundaca Ramos HM, Arce Fernández N. Intelligent Automated Monitoring and Curing System for Cracks in Concrete Elements Using Integrated Sensors and Embedded Controllers. Technologies. 2025; 13(7):284. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13070284

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ascona García, Papa Pio, Guido Elar Ordoñez Carpio, Wilmer Moisés Zelada Zamora, Marco Antonio Aguirre Camacho, Wilmer Rojas Pintado, Emerson Julio Cuadros Rojas, Hipatia Merlita Mundaca Ramos, and Nilthon Arce Fernández. 2025. "Intelligent Automated Monitoring and Curing System for Cracks in Concrete Elements Using Integrated Sensors and Embedded Controllers" Technologies 13, no. 7: 284. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13070284

APA Style

Ascona García, P. P., Ordoñez Carpio, G. E., Zelada Zamora, W. M., Aguirre Camacho, M. A., Rojas Pintado, W., Cuadros Rojas, E. J., Mundaca Ramos, H. M., & Arce Fernández, N. (2025). Intelligent Automated Monitoring and Curing System for Cracks in Concrete Elements Using Integrated Sensors and Embedded Controllers. Technologies, 13(7), 284. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13070284

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