The Influence of Gender and Educational Attainment Differences on International Migrants’ Occupational Status in OECD Countries
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Does educational attainment affect the occupational status of international migrants?
- Is there a gender difference in terms of occupational status in OECD countries?
2. Literature Review
2.1. Occupational Status of Migrants
2.2. The Relationship between the Educational Attainment Background of Migrants and Their Occupational Status
2.3. The Gender Dimension in the Occupational Status of Migrants
3. Methodology
Model Specification
4. Results
5. Discussion and Implications of the Study
6. Limitations of the Study
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Mean | Std. Dev | Min. | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|
Educational Attainment (Edu) | 2.04 | 0.803 | 1 | 3 |
Gender | 1.48 | 0.499 | 1 | 2 |
Foreign-Born (F.born) | 0.87 | 0.338 | 0 | 1 |
Managers (MNGR) | 0.09 | 0.292 | 0 | 1 |
Professionals (PRFSN) | 0.10 | 0.302 | 0 | 1 |
Technicians and Associate Professionals (TNAP) | 0.10 | 0.304 | 0 | 1 |
Clerical Support Workers (CSW) | 0.10 | 0.294 | 0 | 1 |
Services and Sales Workers (SSW) | 0.11 | 0.307 | 0 | 1 |
Skilled Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Workers (SAFFN) | 0.07 | 0.259 | 0 | 1 |
Craft and Related Trades Workers (CRTW) | 0.09 | 0.289 | 0 | 1 |
Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers (PMOA) | 0.09 | 0.280 | 0 | 1 |
Elementary Occupations (EO) | 0.09 | 0.292 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | 1000 | |||||||||||
Edu | 0.009 | 1000 | ||||||||||
F-Born | −0.017 ** | 0.018 ** | 1000 | |||||||||
MNGR | 0.004 | 0.020 *** | 0.002 | 1000 | ||||||||
PRFSN | 0.009 | 0.037 *** | 0.011 | −0.109 *** | 1000 | |||||||
TNAP | 0.008 | 0.013 | 0.013 * | −0.109 *** | −0.104 *** | 1000 | ||||||
CSW | 0.018 *** | 0.002 | 0.005 | −0.105 *** | −0.101 *** | −0.101 *** | 1000 | |||||
SSW | 0.014 ** | −0.013 | 0.014 ** | −0.111 *** | −0.115 *** | −0.116 *** | −0.112 *** | 1000 | ||||
SAFFW | −0.012 | −0.016 ** | −0.026 *** | −0.090 *** | −0.094 *** | −0.095 *** | −0.091 *** | −0.096 *** | 1000 | |||
CRTW | −0.014 ** | −0.020 *** | −0.002 | −0.103*** | −0.107 *** | −0.108 *** | −0.104 *** | −0.109 *** | −0.089 *** | 1000 | ||
PMOA | −0.019 *** | −0.022 *** | −0.008 | −0.099 *** | −0.103 *** | −0.104 *** | −0.100 *** | −0.105 *** | −0.086 *** | −0.098 *** | 1000 | |
EO | 0.004 | 0.020 *** | 0.002 | 1000 *** | −0.109 *** | −0.109 *** | −0.105 *** | −0.111 *** | −0.090 *** | −0.103 *** | −0.099 *** | 1000 |
Independent Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Constant | 1.999 *** | 1.999 *** | 1.493 *** | 1.478 *** |
92.456 | 92.456 | 118.303 | 378.673 | |
DMNGR | 0.051 *** | 0.019 *** | 0.13 | |
2.031 | 2.282 | 0.906 | ||
DPRFSN | 0.088 *** | 0.035 *** | 0.021 | |
3.589 | 4.268 | 1.421 | ||
DTNAP | 0.032 | 0.019 | ||
1.304 | 1.312 | |||
DCSW | 0.009 | 0.033 ** | 0.017 ** | |
0.359 | 2.227 | 2.139 | ||
DSSW | −0.023 | 0.028 ** | 0.014 ** | |
(−0.960) | 1.920 | 1.751 | ||
DSAFFW | −0.035 | −0.015 | ||
(−1.287) | (−0.890) | |||
DCRTW | −0.041 | −0.014 | ||
(−1.636) | (−0.937) | |||
DPMOA | −0.048 ** | −0.020 ** | −0.021 | |
(−1.870) | (−2.511) | (−1.374) | ||
F.born | 0.041 ** | 0.018 ** | −0.026 *** | −0.017 *** |
(2.052) | 2.167 | (−2.266) | (−2.146) | |
Observations | 17,355 | |||
Adj. R2 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.002 |
F-test (max) | 4.719 *** | 6.139 *** | 2.704 *** | 4.885 *** |
VIF (max) | 1.274 | 1.001 | 1.259 | 1.000 |
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Al-Dalahmeh, M.; Sarihasan, I.; Dajnoki, K. The Influence of Gender and Educational Attainment Differences on International Migrants’ Occupational Status in OECD Countries. Economies 2021, 9, 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9030126
Al-Dalahmeh M, Sarihasan I, Dajnoki K. The Influence of Gender and Educational Attainment Differences on International Migrants’ Occupational Status in OECD Countries. Economies. 2021; 9(3):126. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9030126
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl-Dalahmeh, Main, Imran Sarihasan, and Krisztina Dajnoki. 2021. "The Influence of Gender and Educational Attainment Differences on International Migrants’ Occupational Status in OECD Countries" Economies 9, no. 3: 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9030126
APA StyleAl-Dalahmeh, M., Sarihasan, I., & Dajnoki, K. (2021). The Influence of Gender and Educational Attainment Differences on International Migrants’ Occupational Status in OECD Countries. Economies, 9(3), 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9030126