Academic Stress and Anxiety among Portuguese Students: The Role of Perceived Social Support and Self-Management
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. School Settings and Academic Stress
1.2. From Stress to Anxiety in School Settings
1.3. Social Support and Academic Stress
1.4. Self-Management and Academic Stress
1.5. Current Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Perception of Academic Stress Scale
2.2.2. Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7)
2.2.3. Self-Control and Self-Management Scale (SCMS)
2.2.4. Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale (CASSS)
2.2.5. Sociodemographic Questionnaire
2.3. Procedures
2.3.1. Data Collection
2.3.2. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Preliminary Analyses
3.2. Multiple Hierarchical Regression Analysis
3.3. Mediation Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. | 6. | 7. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Social Support Parents | - | ||||||
2. Social Support Teachers | 0.40 ** | - | |||||
3. Social Support Peers | 0.22 * | 0.35 ** | - | ||||
4. Total Social Support | 0.74 ** | 0.78 ** | 0.71 ** | - | |||
5. Self-Management | 0.41 ** | 0.15 | 0.22 * | 0.36 ** | - | ||
6. Academic Stress | −0.32 ** | −30 ** | −0.17 * | −0.35 ** | −0.47 ** | - | |
7. Anxiety | −0.29 ** | −0.14 | −0.11 | −0.24 ** | −0.31 ** | 0.50 ** | - |
Mean | 55.51 | 49.37 | 49.81 | 51.56 | 51.89 | 2.88 | 9.14 |
SD | 11.49 | 10.67 | 11.20 | 11.12 | 10.93 | 0.47 | 4.97 |
Scale | 12–72 | 12–72 | 12–72 | 12–72 | 0–80 | 1–5 | 0–21 |
Self-Management | Academic Stress | Anxiety | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SE B | β | B | SE B | β | B | SE B | β | |
Block 1 | R2 = 0.13 | R2 = 0.24 * | R2 = 0.39 *** | ||||||
Constant | 34.35 | 17.84 | 2.06 | 0.71 | 5.95 | 7.44 | |||
Age | 1.64 | 1.43 | 0.10 | 0.40 | 0.06 | 0.06 | −0.20 | 0.60 | −0.34 |
Gender a | −1.79 | 1.80 | −0.80 | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.23 ** | 3.59 | 0.75 | 0–39 *** |
Block 2 | |||||||||
Constant | 12.04 | 17.80 | 2.87 | 0.73 | 12.45 | 7.66 | |||
Age | 1.55 | 1.35 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.07 | −0.18 | 0.58 | −0.03 |
Gender a | −1.84 | 1.71 | −0.09 | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.23 ** | 3.599 | 0.73 | 0.39 |
Social Support | 0.45 | 0.12 | 0.33 *** | −0.02 | 0.005 | −0.30 *** | −0.13 | 0.05 | −0.21 ** |
Total Model | R2 Total = 0.35 *** | R2 Total = 0.39 *** | R2 Total = 0.44 *** |
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Pontes, A.; Coelho, V.; Peixoto, C.; Meira, L.; Azevedo, H. Academic Stress and Anxiety among Portuguese Students: The Role of Perceived Social Support and Self-Management. Educ. Sci. 2024, 14, 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14020119
Pontes A, Coelho V, Peixoto C, Meira L, Azevedo H. Academic Stress and Anxiety among Portuguese Students: The Role of Perceived Social Support and Self-Management. Education Sciences. 2024; 14(2):119. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14020119
Chicago/Turabian StylePontes, Ana, Vera Coelho, Carla Peixoto, Liliana Meira, and Helena Azevedo. 2024. "Academic Stress and Anxiety among Portuguese Students: The Role of Perceived Social Support and Self-Management" Education Sciences 14, no. 2: 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14020119