Terminology Standardization in Education and the Construction of Resources: The Welsh Experience
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. The Case for Terminology Standardization in Wales
1.2. Historical Terminology Work
1.3. Consolidation of Terminology Standardization in Education
2. Experimental Section: Meeting the Needs
2.1. Term Collection
2.2. Term Extraction
2.3. Ensuring Consistency
2.4. Definitions
- incomplete definitions which are too broad in scope;
- negative definitions, which explain what the concept is not, without explaining what it is;
- circular definitions which repeat the term within the definition and do not add to the reader’s understanding of the concept.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Dissemination of Terms
- seal (=piece of wax etc.) sêl
- seal (=sea mammal) morlo
3.2. Evaluating the Work
Website | Launch Date | Total Searches | Average Searches/Month |
---|---|---|---|
Y Termiadur Addysg | August 2011 | 568,136 | 11,595 |
Coleg Cymraeg Dictionary | March 2010 | 18,824 | 285 |
Welsh National Terminology Portal | March 2010 | 836,414 | 12,673 |
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References and Notes
- StatsWales. Welsh Speakers by Local Authority, Gender and Detailed Age Groups. 2011 Census. Available online: https://statswales.wales.gov.uk/Catalogue/Welsh-Language/WelshSpeakers-by-LocalAuthority-Gender-DetailedAgeGroups-2011Census (accessed on 18 November 2015).
- Statistics for Wales. Key Education Statistics Wales 2015. Available online: http://gov.wales/docs/statistics/2015/150429-key-education-statistics-2015-en.pdf (accessed on 18 November 2015).
- Great Britain. Welsh in Education and Life; Her Majesty’s Stationery Office: London, UK, 1927. [Google Scholar]
- Welsh Language Board. The Panel for Official Welsh: Report. Available online: http://www.byig-wlb.org.uk/English/publications/Publications/4848.pdf (accessed on 20 February 2009).
- Prys, D. Setting the Standards: Ten Years of Welsh Terminology Work. In Terminology, Computing, and Translation; ten Hacken, P., Ed.; Narr: Tübingen, Germany, 2006; pp. 41–55. [Google Scholar]
- Williams, J.L. (Ed.) Geiriadur Termau/Dictionary of Terms, 1st ed. reprinted; University of Wales Press: Cardiff, UK, 1991.
- Prys, D.; Jones, J.P.M.; ap Emlyn, H. Llyfryddiaeth Geiriaduron Termau; University of Wales: Bangor, UK, 1995. [Google Scholar]
- Hughes, E. (Ed.) Termau Amaethyddiaeth a Milfeddygaeth; University of Wales Press: Cardiff, UK, 1994.
- Prys, D.; Jones, J.P.M. (Eds.) Y Termiadur Ysgol; ACCAC: Cardiff, UK, 1998.
- UK Parliament. The Evolution of the National Curriculum: From Butler to Balls. Available online: http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmselect/cmchilsch/344/34405.htm (accessed on 18 November 2015).
- International Organization for Standardization. ISO 704: Terminology Work—Principles and Methods; International Organization for Standardization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2000. [Google Scholar]
- International Organization for Standardization. ISO 860: Terminology Work—Harmonization of Concepts and Terms; International Organization for Standardization: Geneva, Switzerland, 1996. [Google Scholar]
- International Organization for Standardization. ISO/TR 12618: Computational Aids in Terminology—Creation and Use of Terminological Databases and Text Corpora; International Organization for Standardization: Geneva, Switzerland, 1994. [Google Scholar]
- Prys, D. Providing the Terms: Standardizing Terms for Education in Wales. In Speaking in Tongues: Languages of Lifelong Learning; Davidson, I., Murphy, D., Piette, B., Eds.; University of Wales, Bangor: Bangor, UK, 2003; pp. 193–226. [Google Scholar]
- Prys, D.; Jones, J.P.M.; Davies, O.; Prys, G. Y Termiadur; ACCAC: Cardiff, UK, 2006. [Google Scholar]
- Prys, G.; Prys, D. (Eds.) Y Termiadur Addysg. Available online: www.termiaduraddysg.org (accessed on 18 November 2015).
- Welsh Assembly Government. Welsh-medium Education Strategy. Available online: http://gov.wales/docs/dcells/publications/100420welshmediumstrategyen.pdf (accessed on 18 November 2015).
- Prys, D. Developing National Terminology Policies: A Case Study from Wales. In Magyar Terminológia Journal of Hungarian Terminology; Akadémiai Kiadó: Budapest, Hungary, 2011; Volume 4, pp. 160–168. [Google Scholar]
- Spencer, Ll.; Edwards, M.; Prys, D.; Thomas, E. (Eds.) Geiriadur Termau Seicoleg/Dictionary of Terms for Psychology; University of Wales: Bangor, UK, 2004.
- Pommerening, A.; Prys, D. (Eds.) Geiriadur Termau Rheoli Coetiroedd/Dictionary of Terms for Woodland Management; University of Wales: Bangor, UK, 2005.
- Jones, D.Ll.; Prys, D.; Davies, O.L. (Eds.) Geiriadur Termau’r Gyfraith/Dictionary of Legal Terms; Bangor University: Bangor, UK, 2008.
- Prys, D.; Davies, O. Ll. (Eds.) Geiriadur y Diwydiannau Creadigol/Dictionary of Terms for the Creative Industries; Centre for Welsh Medium Higher Education: Carmarthen, UK, 2008.
- Andrews, T.; Prys, D. (Eds.) Geiriadur Termau’r Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol. Available online: http://www.colegcymraeg.ac.uk/termau (accessed on 18 November 2015).
- Redknap, C.; Lewis, W.G.; Williams, S.R.; Laugharne, J. Welsh-medium and Bilingual Education. Available online: http://www.bangor.ac.uk/addysg/publications/Welsh_mediumBE.pdf (accessed on 18 November 2015).
- Prys, D.; Jones, D.B. Guidelines for the Standardization of Terminology for the Welsh Assembly Government and the Welsh Language Board; Welsh Language Board: Cardiff, UK, 2007. [Google Scholar]
- International Organization for Standardization. ISO 15188: Project Management Guidelines for Terminology Standardization; International Organization for Standardization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2001. [Google Scholar]
- Cabré, M.T. Terminology: Theory, Methods, and Applications; e-book; John Benjamins Publishing Company: Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1999. [Google Scholar]
- Elis-Gruffydd, D. Geiriadur Daearegol/Geomorffolegol Sylfaenol. Unpublished as a standalone terminological dictionary; incorporated in the Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol Terminological Dictionary, 2015.
- Gwerddon. Available online: http://www.gwerddon.cymru/cy/gwerddon/ (accessed on 18 November 2015).
- Welsh Government. BydTermCymru. Available online: http://cymraeg.gov.wales/btc/?lang=en (accessed on 18 November 2015).
- Brown, A.O. Glossaire de Termes Biologiques/French-Language Glossary of Biological Terminology. Available online: http://adamoliverbrown.com/glossary/ (accessed on 18 November 2015).
- Fiontar. Téarma.ie: National Terminology Database for Irish. Available online: http://www.tearma.ie/Home.aspx (accessed on 18 November 2015).
- Welsh National Language Technologies Portal. Available online: http://techiaith.cymru/?lang=en (accessed on 18 November 2015).
- Roberts, M. (Ed.) DECHE Corpus of Welsh Scholarly Writing. Available online: http://corpws.cymru/deche/ (accessed on 18 November 2015).
- Andrews, T.; Prys, G.; Jones, D.B.; Prys, D. Distributing Terminology Resources Online: Multiple Outlet and Centralized Outlet Distribution Models in Wales. In Proceedings of CHAT 2012: Creation, Harmonization and Application of Terminology Resources, Madrid, Spain, 22 June 2012; Gornostay, T., Ed.; Linköping University Electronic Press: Linköping, Sweden, 2012; pp. 37–40. [Google Scholar]
- Andrews, T.; Prys, G. The Maes T System and its use in the Welsh-Medium Higher Education Terminology Project. In Proceedings of CHAT 2011: Creation, Harmonization and Application of Terminology Resources, Riga, Latvia, 11 May 2011; Gornostay, T., Vasiļjevs, A., Eds.; NEALT: Tartu, Estonia, 2011; pp. 49–50. [Google Scholar]
- Bangor University. REF 2014. Available online: http://www.bangor.ac.uk/cbless/ref_2014.php.en (accessed on 18 November 2015).
- Prys, D.; Prys, G.; Jones, D.B. Quantifying the Use of Digital Welsh-language Language Resources. In Proceedings of the Human Language Technologies as a Challenge for Computer Science and Linguistics, Poznań, Poland, 27–29 November 2015; Vetulani, Z., Mariani, J., Eds.; Fundacja Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu: Poznań, Poland, 2016; pp. 355–359. [Google Scholar]
- Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol. Results of the Terminological Dictionary Questionnaire. Unpublished survey carried out online, 2015.
© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Andrews, T.; Prys, G. Terminology Standardization in Education and the Construction of Resources: The Welsh Experience. Educ. Sci. 2016, 6, 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci6010002
Andrews T, Prys G. Terminology Standardization in Education and the Construction of Resources: The Welsh Experience. Education Sciences. 2016; 6(1):2. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci6010002
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrews, Tegau, and Gruffudd Prys. 2016. "Terminology Standardization in Education and the Construction of Resources: The Welsh Experience" Education Sciences 6, no. 1: 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci6010002