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Chemosensors
Volume 11
Issue 6
10.3390/chemosensors11060317
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Review

The Role of Nano-Sensors in Breath Analysis for Early and Non-Invasive Disease Diagnosis

by
Nefeli Lagopati
1,2,*,
Theodoros-Filippos Valamvanos
1,3,†,
Vaia Proutsou
1,3,†,
Konstantinos Karachalios
1,3,†,
Natassa Pippa
4,
Maria-Anna Gatou
5,
Ioanna-Aglaia Vagena
1,
Smaragda Cela
1,3,
Evangelia A. Pavlatou
5,
Maria Gazouli
1,6 and
Efstathios Efstathopoulos
2,6
1
Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
2
Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
3
Medical Physics Unit, 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
4
Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
5
Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15772 Athens, Greece
6
School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 26335 Patra, Greece
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Chemosensors 2023, 11(6), 317; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11060317
Submission received: 12 April 2023 / Revised: 17 May 2023 / Accepted: 22 May 2023 / Published: 24 May 2023
(This article belongs to the Section (Bio)chemical Sensing)
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Abstract

Early-stage, precise disease diagnosis and treatment has been a crucial topic of scientific discussion since time immemorial. When these factors are combined with experience and scientific knowledge, they can benefit not only the patient, but also, by extension, the entire health system. The development of rapidly growing novel technologies allows for accurate diagnosis and treatment of disease. Nanomedicine can contribute to exhaled breath analysis (EBA) for disease diagnosis, providing nanomaterials and improving sensing performance and detection sensitivity. Through EBA, gas-based nano-sensors might be applied for the detection of various essential diseases, since some of their metabolic products are detectable and measurable in the exhaled breath. The design and development of innovative nanomaterial-based sensor devices for the detection of specific biomarkers in breath samples has emerged as a promising research field for the non-invasive accurate diagnosis of several diseases. EBA would be an inexpensive and widely available commercial tool that could also be used as a disease self-test kit. Thus, it could guide patients to the proper specialty, bypassing those expensive tests, resulting, hence, in earlier diagnosis, treatment, and thus a better quality of life. In this review, some of the most prevalent types of sensors used in breath-sample analysis are presented in parallel with the common diseases that might be diagnosed through EBA, highlighting the impact of incorporating new technological achievements in the clinical routine.
Keywords: breath analysis; disease diagnosis; nano-biosensors; sensors; volatile organic compounds; nanomaterials; cancer; diabetes; neurodegenerative diseases breath analysis; disease diagnosis; nano-biosensors; sensors; volatile organic compounds; nanomaterials; cancer; diabetes; neurodegenerative diseases

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lagopati, N.; Valamvanos, T.-F.; Proutsou, V.; Karachalios, K.; Pippa, N.; Gatou, M.-A.; Vagena, I.-A.; Cela, S.; Pavlatou, E.A.; Gazouli, M.; et al. The Role of Nano-Sensors in Breath Analysis for Early and Non-Invasive Disease Diagnosis. Chemosensors 2023, 11, 317. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11060317

AMA Style

Lagopati N, Valamvanos T-F, Proutsou V, Karachalios K, Pippa N, Gatou M-A, Vagena I-A, Cela S, Pavlatou EA, Gazouli M, et al. The Role of Nano-Sensors in Breath Analysis for Early and Non-Invasive Disease Diagnosis. Chemosensors. 2023; 11(6):317. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11060317

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lagopati, Nefeli, Theodoros-Filippos Valamvanos, Vaia Proutsou, Konstantinos Karachalios, Natassa Pippa, Maria-Anna Gatou, Ioanna-Aglaia Vagena, Smaragda Cela, Evangelia A. Pavlatou, Maria Gazouli, and et al. 2023. "The Role of Nano-Sensors in Breath Analysis for Early and Non-Invasive Disease Diagnosis" Chemosensors 11, no. 6: 317. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11060317

APA Style

Lagopati, N., Valamvanos, T.-F., Proutsou, V., Karachalios, K., Pippa, N., Gatou, M.-A., Vagena, I.-A., Cela, S., Pavlatou, E. A., Gazouli, M., & Efstathopoulos, E. (2023). The Role of Nano-Sensors in Breath Analysis for Early and Non-Invasive Disease Diagnosis. Chemosensors, 11(6), 317. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11060317

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