Portable and Visual Detection of Cytochrome c with Graphene Quantum Dots–Filter Paper Composite
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Detection of Cytochrome c in Solution
2.2. Portable and Visual Detection of Cytochrome c on Graphene Quantum Dots-Modified Filter Paper
2.3. Determination of Cytochrome c in Cell Lysate
2.4. Fluorescence Activation Imaging of Cytochrome c during Cell Apoptosis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Features of Graphene Quantum Dots
3.2. Stability of Graphene Quantum Dots
3.3. Detection of Cytochrome c in Solution
3.3.1. The Working Conditions’ Optimization for Cytochrome c Detection
3.3.2. The Analytical Performance of the Proposed Method for Cytochrome c Sensing
3.4. The Portable Detection of Cytochrome c on Solid Filter Paper
3.5. Determination of Cytochrome c in Cell Lysate
3.6. Cellular Imaging during Apoptosis
3.7. The Fluorescence Quenching Mechanism Investigation
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | Detected (μg/mL) | Spiked (μg/mL) | Average Found (μg/mL) | Average Recovery (%, n = 3) | RSD (%, n = 3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | None | 10.00 | 9.20 | 92.0 | 4.33 |
2 | None | 50.00 | 47.40 | 94.8 | 3.28 |
3 | None | 100.0 | 98.50 | 98.5 | 4.67 |
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Li, L.; Jiang, Y.; Wang, N.; Feng, Y.; Chen, B.; Wang, J. Portable and Visual Detection of Cytochrome c with Graphene Quantum Dots–Filter Paper Composite. Chemosensors 2024, 12, 167. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12080167
Li L, Jiang Y, Wang N, Feng Y, Chen B, Wang J. Portable and Visual Detection of Cytochrome c with Graphene Quantum Dots–Filter Paper Composite. Chemosensors. 2024; 12(8):167. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12080167
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Liangtong, Yongjian Jiang, Ni Wang, Yusheng Feng, Binbin Chen, and Jian Wang. 2024. "Portable and Visual Detection of Cytochrome c with Graphene Quantum Dots–Filter Paper Composite" Chemosensors 12, no. 8: 167. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12080167