The Preventable Effect of Taekwondo Sport among Cadets and Junior’ Bone Mineral Density: DEXA Assessment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- Twenty cadet players (age 12–14) from all weight classes
- Twenty junior players (age 15–17) from all weight classes
2.1. Statistical Analysis
2.2. Ethical Approval
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. Laboratory Results
3.3. Biological Parameters
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rank | Cadets (n = 11) | Juniors (n = 17) | Total | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
Male (n = 15) | Age (years) | 13.2 | 1.5 | 15.3 | 0.9 | 14.6 | 1.5 |
Weight (kg) | 44.8 | 9.7 | 63.3 | 15.3 | 57.1 | 16.1 | |
Height (m) | 1.60 | 0.11 | 1.74 | 0.12 | 1.69 | 0.13 | |
BMI | 17.4 | 1.7 | 20.6 | 3.1 | 19.5 | 3.1 | |
Female (n = 13) | Age (years) | 12.4 | 0.9 | 15.8 | 0.9 | 14.2 | 2.0 |
Weight (kg) | 45.3 | 8.3 | 54.9 | 10.2 | 50.5 | 10.3 | |
Height (m) | 1.55 | 0.07 | 1.66 | 0.08 | 1.61 | 0.09 | |
BMI | 18.7 | 2.5 | 20.0 | 2.4 | 19.4 | 2.41 | |
Total | Age (years) | 12.7 | 1.2 | 15.5 | 0.9 | 14.4 | 1.7 |
Weight (kg) | 45.1 | 8.5 | 59.8 | 13.7 | 54.1 | 13.9 | |
Height (m) | 1.57 | 0.09 | 1.71 | 0.11 | 1.65 | 0.12 | |
BMI | 18.1 | 2.2 | 20.3 | 2.7 | 19.4 | 2.7 |
Lab. Test | Mean (SD) | Categories | Count (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Ca. (mg/dL) | 9.93 (0.34) | Normal | 23 (82.1) |
Hypercalcemia | 5 (17.9) | ||
TSH-3 (mIU/mL) | 1.46 (0.73) | Normal | 27 (96.4) |
Elevated TSH-3 | 1 (3.6) | ||
FT4 ( pmol/L) | 15.35 (2.51) | Normal | 27 (96.4) |
Elevated FT4 | 1 (3.6) | ||
Vit. D (ng/mL) | 13.13 (5.40) | Sufficient | 0 (0) |
Insufficient | 4 (14.3) | ||
Deficient | 24 (85.7) |
Parameter | Body Part, Mean | Total, Mean | Total Male vs. Female | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arms | Legs | Trunk | Android | Gynoid | t | p | ||
Tissue Fat | 23 | 25 | 19 | 16 | 25 | 22 | −4.941 | 0.000 * |
Region Fat | 22 | 24 | 19 | 16 | 24 | 21 | −4.924 | 0.000 * |
Tissue Gram | 5852 | 18,923 | 23,804 | 3082 | 8265 | 52,350 | 1.413 | 0.170 |
Fat Gram | 1349 | 4668 | 4702 | 541 | 2076 | 11,513 | −1.422 | 0.167 |
Lean Gram | 4503 | 14,255 | 19,102 | 2541 | 6189 | 40,838 | 2.830 | 0.009 * |
BMC Gram | 282 | 882 | 639 | 40 | 231 | 2181 | 1.646 | 0.113 |
kg | 6 | 20 | 24 | 3 | 8 | 54 | 1.425 | 0.166 |
Bone Mineral Density | |||
---|---|---|---|
Lumber Vertebrae 1–4 | Femoral Neck | Total Body | |
Weight | 0.558 ** | 0.469 * | 0.511 ** |
Height | 0.574 ** | 0.387 * | 0.392 * |
BMI | 0.568 ** | 0.447 * | 0.505 ** |
Age | −0.042 | 0.101 | 0.095 |
Ca | −0.026 | 0.191 | 0.206 |
TSH-3 | −0.170 | −0.164 | −0.074 |
FT4 | 0.104 | 0.157 | 0.122 |
Vit. D | −0.131 | −0.001 | 0.013 |
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Ghazzawi, H.A.; Amawi, A.T.; Alduraidi, H.; Juweid, M.; Alhawari, H.H.; Al-Abbadi, M.A.; Alabbadi, A.M.; AlNemer, L.S.S. The Preventable Effect of Taekwondo Sport among Cadets and Junior’ Bone Mineral Density: DEXA Assessment. Children 2023, 10, 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10010170
Ghazzawi HA, Amawi AT, Alduraidi H, Juweid M, Alhawari HH, Al-Abbadi MA, Alabbadi AM, AlNemer LSS. The Preventable Effect of Taekwondo Sport among Cadets and Junior’ Bone Mineral Density: DEXA Assessment. Children. 2023; 10(1):170. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10010170
Chicago/Turabian StyleGhazzawi, Hadeel Ali, Adam Tawfiq Amawi, Hamza Alduraidi, Malik Juweid, Hussam H. Alhawari, Mousa A. Al-Abbadi, Ali M. Alabbadi, and Lana Salah Subhi AlNemer. 2023. "The Preventable Effect of Taekwondo Sport among Cadets and Junior’ Bone Mineral Density: DEXA Assessment" Children 10, no. 1: 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10010170
APA StyleGhazzawi, H. A., Amawi, A. T., Alduraidi, H., Juweid, M., Alhawari, H. H., Al-Abbadi, M. A., Alabbadi, A. M., & AlNemer, L. S. S. (2023). The Preventable Effect of Taekwondo Sport among Cadets and Junior’ Bone Mineral Density: DEXA Assessment. Children, 10(1), 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10010170