Changing Trends in School Absenteeism and Identification of Associated Factors in Adolescents with Atopic Dermatitis
(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Dermatology)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design and Study Population
2.2. Evaluation Indices
2.2.1. Atopic Dermatitis and School Absenteeism
2.2.2. Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics
2.2.3. Dietary, Smoking, and Drinking Behaviors
2.2.4. Emotional States and Suicidality
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Changing Trends in the Rates of School Absenteeism among Adolescents with Atopic Dermatitis
3.2. Differences According to School Absenteeism among Adolescents with Atopic Dermatitis
3.3. Differences According to the Duration of the School Absences among Adolescents with Atopic Dermatitis-Related School Absenteeism
3.4. Associated Factors for School Absenteeism in Individuals with Atopic Dermatitis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Years | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | |
Targeted participants (n) | 78,834 | 79,099 | 76,937 | 74,980 | 79,202 | 76,980 | 75,149 | 74,167 | 70,362 |
Total participants (n) | 74,698 | 75,238 | 75,066 | 73,238 | 75,643 | 74,186 | 72,435 | 72,060 | 68,043 |
Participant rate (%) | 94.8 | 95.1 | 97.6 | 97.7 | 95.5 | 96.4 | 96.4 | 97.2 | 96.7 |
Participants with AD (n) | 12,535 | 13,658 | 13,934 | 15,892 | 17,421 | 17,971 | 16,916 | 17,232 | 16,340 |
Prevalence of AD (%) | 17.3 | 18.5 | 18.9 | 22.0 | 23.1 | 24.3 | 23.6 | 24.0 | 24.2 |
School absenteeism due to AD | |||||||||
(1) ADSA (n, %) | 912 (7.3) | 693 (5.1) | 536 (3.9) | 628 (4.0) | 607 (3.5) | 582 (3.2) | 519 (3.1) | 565 (3.3) | 426 (2.6) |
(2) 1–3 days (n, %) | 596 (4.8) | 437 (3.2) | 318 (2.3) | 381 (2.4) | 392 (2.3) | 402 (2.3) | 362 (2.1) | 409 (2.4) | 301 (1.8) |
(3) 4–6 days (n, %) | 157 (1.3) | 93 (0.7) | 82 (0.6) | 109 (0.7) | 73 (0.4) | 66 (0.4) | 65 (0.4) | 62 (0.4) | 44 (0.3) |
(4) ≥7 days (n, %) | 159 (1.3) | 163 (1.2) | 136 (1.0) | 138 (0.9) | 142 (0.8) | 114 (0.6) | 92 (0.5) | 94 (0.6) | 81 (0.5) |
School Absenteeism | |||
---|---|---|---|
Absence (n = 136,431, 96.0%) | Presence (n = 5468, 4.0%) | p-Value | |
Sex | <0.001 | ||
Female | 76,610 (55.02) | 2286 (40.61) | |
Male | 59,821 (44.98) | 3182 (59.39) | |
Grade | 0.029 | ||
Middle school | 70,485 (50.68) | 3040 (54.69) | |
High school | 65,946 (49.32) | 2428 (45.31) | |
Subjective economic state | <0.001 | ||
High | 41,328 (31.27) | 1747 (31.82) | |
Middle | 64,881 (47.07) | 2025 (36.83) | |
Low | 30,222 (21.66) | 1696 (31.35) | |
Academic achievement | <0.001 | ||
weHigh | 52,080 (38.19) | 1543 (27.91) | |
Middle | 36,766 (26.98) | 1230 (23.17) | |
Low | 47,585 (34.83) | 2695 (48.92) | |
Breakfast consumption | <0.001 | ||
<2 times/week | 28,033 (20.63) | 1732 (31.31) | |
≥2 times/week | 108,398 (79.37) | 3736 (68.69) | |
Current drinking | <0.001 | ||
No | 110,378 (80.86) | 3545 (63.56) | |
Yes | 26,053 (19.14) | 1923 (36.44) | |
Current smoking | <0.001 | ||
No | 123,637 (90.47) | 3999 (72.87) | |
Yes | 12,794 (9.53) | 1469 (27.13) | |
Subjective healthiness | <0.001 | ||
Healthy | 85,421 (62.99) | 3001 (54.21) | |
Average | 38,472 (27.91) | 1597 (28.01) | |
Unhealthy | 12,538 (9.10) | 870 (17.78) | |
Subjective happiness | <0.001 | ||
Happy | 76,272 (55.96) | 2629 (48.01) | |
Average | 42,152 (30.96) | 1731 (31.30) | |
Unhappy | 18,007 (13.09) | 1108 (20.69) | |
Perceived stress | <0.001 | ||
High | 61,406 (44.85) | 2863 (51.36) | |
Average | 55,216 (40.70) | 1861(34.33) | |
Low | 19,809 (14.45) | 744 (14.31) | |
Sleep satisfaction | <0.001 | ||
Enough | 53,281 (38.95) | 1264 (22.77) | |
Average | 36,967 (27.12) | 1010 (19.12) | |
Not enough | 46,183 (33.93) | 3194 (58.11) | |
Depression | <0.001 | ||
No | 88,003 (64.58) | 2562 (46.74) | |
Yes | 48,428 (35.42) | 2906 (53.26) | |
Suicidal ideation | <0.001 | ||
No | 109,735 (80.45) | 3669 (66.92) | |
Yes | 26,969 (19.55) | 1799 (33.08) | |
Suicide attempt | <0.001 | ||
No | 130,300 (95.52) | 4646 (84.35) | |
Yes | 6131 (4.48) | 822 (15.65) |
School Absenteeism (n = 5468) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
1~3 Days (n = 3598, 65.7%) | 4~6 Days (n = 751, 13.8%) | ≥7 Days (n = 1119, 20.5%) | p-Value | |
Sex | <0.001 | |||
Female | 1651 (44.69) | 254 (31.91) | 381 (34.11) | |
Male | 1947 (55.31) | 497 (68.09) | 738 (65.89) | |
Grade | 0.029 | |||
Middle school | 2003 (53.29) | 417 (53.54) | 620 (52.90) | |
High school | 1595 (46.71) | 334 (46.46) | 499 (47.10) | |
Subjective economic state | <0.001 | |||
High | 1163 (32.59) | 241 (32.00) | 343 (32.46) | |
Middle | 1423 (39.71) | 276 (37.80) | 326 (28.12) | |
Low | 1012 (27.69) | 234 (30.21) | 450 (39.42) | |
Academic achievement | <0.001 | |||
High | 1027 (29.04) | 197 (27.39) | 319 (30.60) | |
Middle | 864 (23.78) | 169 (22.72) | 197 (16.62) | |
Low | 1707 (47.18) | 385 (49.89) | 603 (52.79) | |
Breakfast consumption | <0.001 | |||
<2 times/week | 1068 (29.42) | 251 (32.61) | 413 (38.86) | |
≥2 times/week | 2530 (70.58) | 500 (67.39) | 706 (61.14) | |
Current drinking | <0.001 | |||
No | 2452 (68.53) | 449 (57.78) | 644 (56.37) | |
Yes | 1146 (31.47) | 302 (42.22) | 475 (43.63) | |
Current smoking | <0.001 | |||
No | 2829 (78.61) | 507 (65.94) | 663 (56.89) | |
Yes | 769 (21.39) | 244 (34.06) | 456 (43.11) | |
Subjective healthiness | <0.001 | |||
Healthy | 1977 (54.66) | 405 (54.24) | 619 (54.21) | |
Average | 1102 (31.01) | 226 (29.21) | 269 (23.82) | |
Unhealthy | 519 (14.34) | 120 (16.55) | 231 (21.97) | |
Subjective happiness | <0.001 | |||
Happy | 1792 (49.92) | 337 (44.50) | 500 (44.01) | |
Average | 1149 (32.42) | 263 (35.12) | 319 (26.22) | |
Unhappy | 657 (17.66) | 151 (20.68) | 300 (29.77) | |
Perceived stress | <0.001 | |||
High | 1857 (51.64) | 397 (52.34) | 609 (56.76) | |
Average | 1287 (35.41) | 251 (32.76) | 323 (28.24) | |
Low | 454 (12.96) | 103 (14.90) | 187 (15.00) | |
Sleep satisfaction | ||||
Enough | 1104 (30.48) | 203 (27.01) | 314 (27.64) | |
Average | 796 (22.91) | 175 (23.51) | 193 (17.27) | |
Not enough | 1698 (46.61) | 373 (49.48) | 612 (55.09) | |
Depression | <0.001 | |||
No | 1763 (47.82) | 305 (41.86) | 494 (43.11) | |
Yes | 1835 (52.18) | 446 (58.14) | 625 (56.89) | |
Suicidal ideation | <0.001 | |||
No | 2519 (70.21) | 474 (61.04) | 676 (59.87) | |
Yes | 1079 (29.79) | 277 (38.96) | 443 (40.13) | |
Suicide attempt | <0.001 | |||
No | 3201 (88.66) | 599 (78.36) | 846 (74.62) | |
Yes | 397 (11.34) | 152 (21.64) | 273 (25.38) |
Crude | Adjusted | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
Sex | ||||
Female | Reference | Reference | ||
Male | 1.79 (1.67–1.91) | <0.001 | 1.42 (1.36–1.48) | <0.001 |
Grade | ||||
Middle school | 1.11 (1.03–1.19) | 0.003 | 1.50 (1.44–1.56) | <0.001 |
High school | Reference | Reference | ||
Subjective economic state | ||||
High | 1.32 (1.22–1.43) | <0.001 | 1.15 (1.11–1.20) | <0.001 |
Middle | Reference | Reference | ||
Low | 1.79 (1.65–1.95) | <0.001 | 1.22 (1.17–1.28) | <0.001 |
Academic achievement | ||||
High | Reference | Reference | ||
Middle | 1.07 (0.98–1.18) | 0.133 | 0.97 (0.92–1.01) | 0.168 |
Low | 1.83 (1.70–1.98) | <0.001 | 1.00 (0.96–1.05) | 0.860 |
Breakfast consumption | ||||
<2 times/week | 1.80 (1.67–1.93) | <0.001 | 1.05 (1.00–1.09) | 0.033 |
≥2 times/week | Reference | Reference | ||
Current drinking | ||||
No | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 2.33 (2.18–2.49) | <0.001 | 1.36 (1.30–1.43) | <0.001 |
Current smoking | ||||
No | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 3.65 (3.37–3.94) | <0.001 | 1.46 (1.37–1.55) | <0.001 |
Subjective healthiness | ||||
Healthy | Reference | Reference | ||
Average | 1.21 (1.12–1.31) | <0.001 | 1.06 (1.01–1.10) | 0.009 |
Unhealthy | 2.07 (1.87–2.28) | <0.001 | 1.34 (1.27–1.42) | <0.001 |
Subjective happiness | ||||
Happy | Reference | Reference | ||
Average | 1.19 (1.10–1.28) | <0.001 | 1.41 (1.35–1.47) | <0.001 |
Unhappy | 1.84 (1.69–2.01) | <0.001 | 3.43 (3.25–3.62) | <0.001 |
Perceived stress | ||||
High | 1.25 (1.13–1.38) | <0.001 | 4.11 (2.86–4.39) | <0.001 |
Average | 0.87 (0.78–0.97) | 0.010 | 1.47 (1.35–1.59) | <0.001 |
Low | Reference | Reference | ||
Sleep satisfaction | ||||
Enough | Reference | Reference | ||
Average | 1.07 (1.04–1.89) | <0.001 | 1.96 (1.12–2.18) | <0.001 |
Not enough | 2.37 (2.17–3.16) | <0.001 | 6.12 (4.61–7.95) | <0.001 |
Depression | ||||
No | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 2.14 (2.00–2.29) | <0.001 | 5.44 (5.23–5.67) | <0.001 |
Suicidal ideation | ||||
No | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 2.05 (1.91–2.21) | <0.001 | 3.12 (1.93–4.13) | <0.001 |
Suicide attempt | ||||
No | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 3.99 (3.61–4.40) | <0.001 | 2.30 (2.04–2.60) | <0.001 |
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Kang, D.W.; Kim, S.H.; Kyung, Y.; Lee, H.J. Changing Trends in School Absenteeism and Identification of Associated Factors in Adolescents with Atopic Dermatitis. Children 2023, 10, 1918. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10121918
Kang DW, Kim SH, Kyung Y, Lee HJ. Changing Trends in School Absenteeism and Identification of Associated Factors in Adolescents with Atopic Dermatitis. Children. 2023; 10(12):1918. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10121918
Chicago/Turabian StyleKang, Dong Wan, Sung Hoon Kim, Yechan Kyung, and Hae Jeong Lee. 2023. "Changing Trends in School Absenteeism and Identification of Associated Factors in Adolescents with Atopic Dermatitis" Children 10, no. 12: 1918. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10121918