Age and Gender Differences in Anthropometric Characteristics and Motor Performance of 3 through 6 Young Kids Aged (Pilot Study)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Testing Procedures
2.2.1. The Collected Data
2.2.2. Data Analysis
2.3. Detection of Dominance
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | G | n | M | SD | Skew | Kurt | K-S | F | p | t | df | p | d | r |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BW | B | 52 | 106.93 | 7.66 | −0.70 | 0.86 | 0.94 | 0.30 | 0.58 | −0.92 | 101 | 0.35 | ns | ns |
G | 51 | 108.36 | 8.16 | 0.07 | −0.29 | 0.20 | −0.92 | 100.31 | 0.35 | |||||
BH | B | 52 | 17.98 | 2.45 | −0.06 | 0.27 | 0.20 | 5.01 | 0.02 | −1.37 | 101 | 0.17 | ns | ns |
G | 51 | 18.86 | 3.87 | 1.23 | 2.43 | 0.05 | −1.37 | 84.37 | 0.17 | |||||
HTR-right hand | B | 52 | 11.17 | 3.59 | 0.49 | 0.35 | 0.17 | 3.29 | 0.07 | 0.72 | 102 | 0.46 | ns | ns |
G | 52 | 10.71 | 2.82 | −0.51 | 0.26 | 0.20 | 0.72 | 96.63 | 0.46 | |||||
HTL-left hand | B | 52 | 10.32 | 3.55 | −0.23 | −0.15 | 0.54 | 5.03 | 0.02 | −0.28 | 102 | 0.77 | ns | ns |
G | 52 | 10.50 | 2.50 | −0.25 | −0.20 | 0.05 | −0.28 | 91.51 | 0.77 | |||||
LTR-right leg | B | 49 | 10.22 | 3.03 | −0.58 | 0.21 | 0.59 | 1.28 | 0.26 | −2.08 | 98 | 0.04 | 0.42 | 0.20 |
G | 51 | 11.37 | 2.46 | −0.48 | −0.34 | 0.20 | −2.07 | 92.45 | 0.04 | |||||
LTL-left leg | B | 49 | 9.48 | 3.25 | −0.58 | 0.36 | 0.82 | 5.78 | 0.01 | −1.58 | 98 | 0.11 | ns | ns |
G | 51 | 10.39 | 2.40 | 0.13 | −0.39 | 0.20 | −1.57 | 88.17 | 0.11 | |||||
HGSR-right hand | B | 51 | 8.89 | 3.34 | −0.25 | −0.61 | 0.20 | 2.98 | 0.08 | −0.11 | 101 | 0.91 | ns | ns |
G | 52 | 8.95 | 2.58 | −0.12 | −0.95 | 0.07 | −0.11 | 94.13 | 0.91 | |||||
HGSL-left hand | B | 51 | 8.89 | 2.79 | −0.36 | −0.63 | 0.05 | 0.71 | 0.39 | 0.39 | 101 | 0.69 | ns | ns |
G | 52 | 8.69 | 2.45 | −0.13 | −0.75 | 0.20 | 0.39 | 98.84 | 0.69 |
Variable | D/ND | n | M | SD | Skew | Kurt | K-S | F | p | t | df | p | d | r |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body weight (kg) | D | 88 | 18.48 | 3.32 | 1.15 | 3.13 | 0.05 | 0.42 | 0.51 | 1.05 | 95 | 0.29 | ns | ns |
ND | 9 | 17.27 | 2.35 | −0.01 | −1.142 | 0.20 | 1.39 | 11.16 | 0.18 | |||||
Body height (cm) | D | 88 | 107.92 | 7.99 | −0.29 | 0.34 | 0.20 | 0.00 | 0.95 | 0.02 | 95 | 0.35 | ns | ns |
ND | 9 | 105.34 | 7.44 | 0.34 | −1.15 | 0.20 | 0.98 | 9.98 | 0.34 | |||||
Hand tapping 15 s (freq.) | D | 89 | 11.04 | 3.26 | 0.18 | 0.74 | 0.05 | 0.58 | 0.44 | 1.76 | 96 | 0.08 | ns | ns |
ND | 9 | 9.00 | 3.74 | −0.43 | −1.53 | 0.20 | 1.58 | 9.27 | 0.14 | |||||
Leg tapping 15 s (freq.) | D | 81 | 10.77 | 2.77 | −0.48 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 3.49 | 0.06 | 0.84 | 94 | 0.39 | ns | ns |
ND | 15 | 10.06 | 3.97 | 1.37 | 1.59 | 0.07 | 0.66 | 16.62 | 0.51 | |||||
Hand gripstrength (kg) | D | 86 | 10.84 | 3.01 | −0.37 | −0.43 | 0.05 | 1.39 | 0.24 | 0.01 | 95 | 0.98 | ns | ns |
ND | 9 | 8.88 | 2.20 | −0.01 | 1.19 | 0.20 | 0.01 | 9.20 | 0.98 |
Variable | Groups | Girls | Boys | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | n | M | SD | Skew | Kurt | K-S | n | M | SD | Skew | Kurt | K-S | |
BW | 3–4 y | 8 | 14.70 | 1.24 | −1.87 | 4.20 | 0.06 | 13 | 100.11 | 6.74 | −1.60 | 2.73 | 0.20 |
4–5 y | 34 | 18.67 | 2.62 | 0.96 | 1.75 | 0.06 | 27 | 108.051 | 5.99 | 0.15 | −0.19 | 0.20 | |
5–6 y | 10 | 22.82 | 4.97 | 0.59 | 0.88 | 0.20 | 12 | 111.79 | 7.37 | −0.31 | −0.61 | 0.20 | |
BH | 3–4 y | 8 | 98.31 | 3.55 | 0.48 | 1.37 | 0.17 | 13 | 16.34 | 2.55 | −1.10 | 2.71 | 0.20 |
4–5 y | 34 | 108.73 | 6.49 | −0.46 | 0.72 | 0.20 | 27 | 18.08 | 1.90 | −0.58 | −0.08 | 0.05 | |
5–6 y | 10 | 115.19 | 8.29 | −0.20 | −0.59 | 0.20 | 12 | 19.54 | 2.54 | −0.98 | 1.28 | 0.20 | |
HTR-right hand | 3–4 y | 8 | 9.00 | 1.51 | 0.99 | 1.63 | 0.15 | 13 | 9.00 | 2.54 | −0.21 | −0.61 | 0.20 |
4–5 y | 34 | 10.79 | 2.98 | −0.85 | 0.67 | 0.15 | 27 | 11.11 | 3.05 | −0.20 | −0.79 | 0.07 | |
5–6 y | 10 | 11.80 | 2.61 | −0.38 | 0.05 | 0.20 | 12 | 13.66 | 4.27 | 0.31 | 0.04 | 0.07 | |
HTL-left hand | 3–4 y | 8 | 8.50 | 1.19 | 0.00 | −1.45 | 0.20 | 13 | 7.61 | 2.69 | 0.72 | 0.83 | 0.20 |
4–5 y | 34 | 10.64 | 2.29 | −0.80 | 0.88 | 0.05 | 27 | 10.51 | 2.84 | −0.71 | 0.91 | 0.20 | |
5–6 y | 10 | 11.60 | 3.16 | −0.69 | −0.25 | 0.05 | 12 | 12.83 | 3.99 | −1.08 | 1.14 | 0.05 | |
LTR-right leg | 3–4 y | 8 | 8.87 | 1.55 | 0.27 | −1.00 | 0.20 | 12 | 7.91 | 2.35 | −0.28 | 1.01 | 0.20 |
4–5 y | 33 | 11.42 | 2.16 | −0.86 | 1.19 | 0.10 | 26 | 10.38 | 2.43 | −0.88 | 2.46 | 0.05 | |
5–6 y | 10 | 13.20 | 2.44 | −2.06 | 5.02 | 0.06 | 11 | 12.36 | 3.44 | 2.28 | −6.07 | 0.05 | |
LTL-left leg | 3–4 y | 8 | 8.00 | 1.51 | −0.33 | −1.48 | 0.16 | 12 | 7.16 | 1.69 | 0.22 | 0.45 | 0.18 |
4–5 y | 33 | 10.33 | 2.05 | 0.11 | 0.55 | 0.11 | 26 | 9.73 | 2.89 | −0.54 | 0.65 | 0.12 | |
5–6 y | 10 | 12.50 | 2.27 | −0.85 | 0.09 | 0.20 | 11 | 11.45 | 3.98 | −2.76 | 8.51 | 0.05 | |
HGSR-right hand | 3–4 y | 8 | 6.31 | 1.25 | 0.277 | 0.288 | 0.20 | 12 | 7.12 | 3.28 | 0.10 | −0.72 | 0.20 |
4–5 y | 34 | 9.26 | 2.37 | −0.08 | −0.35 | 0.20 | 27 | 9.18 | 2.68 | −0.45 | −0.48 | 0.19 | |
5–6 y | 10 | 10.03 | 2.87 | −1.52 | 0.91 | 0.05 | 12 | 10.00 | 4.24 | −0.60 | −0.56 | 0.20 | |
HGSL-left hand | 3–4 y | 8 | 5.75 | 1.87 | 1.00 | 1.69 | 0.20 | 12 | 6.70 | 2.58 | 0.10 | −1.47 | 0.16 |
4–5 y | 34 | 8.98 | 2.19 | 0.07 | −0.65 | 0.20 | 27 | 9.17 | 2.33 | −0.69 | 0.01 | 0.13 | |
5–6 y | 10 | 10.05 | 1.96 | −0.83 | 1.08 | 0.20 | 12 | 10.45 | 2.81 | −0.73 | 0.16 | 0.20 |
Variable | Girls | Boys | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Levene’s Test | t-Test | Levene’s Test | t-Test | ||||||||||||
F | p | t | df | p | d | r | F | p | t | df | p | d | r | ||
HTR | 3–4/4–5 y. | 3.48 | 0.06 | −1.64 | 40 | 0.109 | ns | ns | 1.29 | 0.26 | −2.15 | 38 | 0.038 | −0.69 | 0.32 |
4–5/5–6 y. | 0.14 | 0.70 | −0.96 | 42 | 0.342 | ns | ns | 1.08 | 0.30 | −2.12 | 37 | 0.040 | −0.69 | 0.32 | |
HTL | 3–4/4–5 y. | 1.33 | 0.25 | −2.54 | 40 | 0.015 | −0.80 | 0.37 | 0.07 | 0.78 | −3.07 | 38 | 0.004 | −0.99 | 0.44 |
4–5/5–6 y. | 2.02 | 0.16 | −1.05 | 42 | 0.297 | ns | ns | 0.92 | 0.34 | −2.06 | 37 | 0.046 | −0.67 | 0.32 | |
LTR | 3–4/4–5 y. | 0.68 | 0.41 | −3.12 | 39 | 0.003 | −0.99 | 0.44 | 0.01 | 0.89 | −2.93 | 36 | 0.006 | ns | ns |
4–5/5–6 y. | 0.00 | 0.99 | −2.20 | 41 | 0.033 | −0.68 | 0.32 | 0.65 | 0.42 | −1.99 | 35 | 0.054 | ns | ns | |
LTL | 3–4/4–5 y. | 0.18 | 0.66 | −3.00 | 39 | 0.005 | −0.96 | 0.43 | 3.47 | 0.07 | −2.84 | 36 | 0.007 | −0.94 | 0.42 |
4–5/5–6 y. | 0.42 | 0.51 | −2.85 | 41 | 0.007 | −0.89 | 0.40 | 0.00 | 0.99 | −1.47 | 35 | 0.148 | ns | ns | |
HGSR | 3–4/4–5 y. | 3.14 | 0.08 | −3.38 | 40 | 0.002 | −1.06 | 0.47 | 1.01 | 0.32 | −2.06 | 37 | 0.046 | −0.67 | 0.32 |
4–5/5–6 y. | 0.21 | 0.64 | −0.85 | 42 | 0.397 | ns | ns | 4.06 | 0.05 | −0.72 | 37 | 0.472 | ns | ns | |
HGSL | 3–4/4–5 y. | 1.10 | 0.30 | −3.84 | 40 | 0.000 | −1.21 | 0.51 | 0.57 | 0.45 | −2.95 | 37 | 0.005 | −0.96 | 0.43 |
4–5/5–6 y. | 0.72 | 0.40 | −1.37 | 42 | 0.175 | ns | ns | 0.13 | 0.71 | −1.48 | 37 | 0.147 | ns | ns |
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Atiković, A.; Čolakhodžić, E.; Užičanin, E.; Petković, E.; Nožinović Mujanović, A.; Mujanović, E.; Zahirović, J.; Mešković, N.; Lilić, A. Age and Gender Differences in Anthropometric Characteristics and Motor Performance of 3 through 6 Young Kids Aged (Pilot Study). Children 2023, 10, 590. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10030590
Atiković A, Čolakhodžić E, Užičanin E, Petković E, Nožinović Mujanović A, Mujanović E, Zahirović J, Mešković N, Lilić A. Age and Gender Differences in Anthropometric Characteristics and Motor Performance of 3 through 6 Young Kids Aged (Pilot Study). Children. 2023; 10(3):590. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10030590
Chicago/Turabian StyleAtiković, Almir, Ekrem Čolakhodžić, Edin Užičanin, Emilija Petković, Amra Nožinović Mujanović, Edin Mujanović, Jasmin Zahirović, Naida Mešković, and Ana Lilić. 2023. "Age and Gender Differences in Anthropometric Characteristics and Motor Performance of 3 through 6 Young Kids Aged (Pilot Study)" Children 10, no. 3: 590. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10030590