Assessing the Correlation between Blood Trace Element Concentrations, Picky Eating Habits, and Intelligence Quotient in School-Aged Children
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Sample Selection
2.2. Evaluation of the Children’s Selective Eating Habits
2.3. Blood Trace Elements Analysis
2.3.1. Samples Collection
2.3.2. Laboratory Analysis Methods
2.3.3. Measurement of Children’s IQ Score
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Participants’ Demographic Characteristics
3.2. Correlation of Trace Elements Intake and Children’s IQ
3.3. Correlation of Trace Elements Intake and Children’s Nutrition Habits
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Instrumental Parameters | Data Acquisition | ||
---|---|---|---|
RF power | 1400 W | Measuring mode | Segmented scan |
Argon gas | flow 13–16 L/min | Point per peak | 5 |
Nebulizer | 1.0 L/min | Scans/replicates | 3 |
Plasma | 18.0 L/min | Replicate/sample | 3 |
Sample | rate 190 s | Integration time | 398.6 s |
Studied Participants | Total (n = 430) | p-Value |
---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | ||
Age (years) | 7.38 ± 0.89 | <0.001 |
Gender Boys Girls | 212 (49.4%) 218 (50.6%) | >0.05 |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 15.94 ± 2.40 | >0.05 |
Mother Education Level | >0.05 | |
Primary Level | 101 (23.7%) | |
High School | 272 (63.3%) | |
University Level | 57 (13%) | |
Smoking During Pregnancy No Yes | 414 (96.5%) 16 (3.5%) | <0.001 |
Selective Eating | 334 (77.6%) | >0.05 |
Parameter | Values | RMSE | Deficiency Level [41] |
---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | |||
Iron (Fe) | 60.45 ± 10.64 | 16.45 | <50 μg/dL |
Zinc (Zn) | 76.78 ± 8.76 | 26.78 | <70 μg/dL |
Copper (Cu) | 118 ± 14.54 | 38.34 | <90 μg/dL |
Mercury (Hg) | 68 ± 10.54 | 18.23 | >100 ng/mL |
Parameter | Picky Eating Behaviors | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n = 334, 77.6%) Mean ± SD | RMSE | No (n = 96, 22.3%) Mean ± SD | RMSE | ||
Iron (Fe) | 66.8 ± 10.10 | 8.8 | 80.1 ± 23.45 | 20.1 | >0.005 |
Zinc (Zn) | 83.37 ± 10.97 | 19.37 | 66.67 ± 9.10 | 10.67 | >0.005 |
Copper (Cu) | 123.74 ± 13.45 | 56.74 | 87 ± 4.10 | 21 | >0.005 |
Mercury (Hg) | 76 ± 12.64 | 36 | 90 ± 23.54 | 7 | >0.005 |
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Saati, A.A.; Adly, H.M. Assessing the Correlation between Blood Trace Element Concentrations, Picky Eating Habits, and Intelligence Quotient in School-Aged Children. Children 2023, 10, 1249. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10071249
Saati AA, Adly HM. Assessing the Correlation between Blood Trace Element Concentrations, Picky Eating Habits, and Intelligence Quotient in School-Aged Children. Children. 2023; 10(7):1249. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10071249
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaati, Abdullah A., and Heba M. Adly. 2023. "Assessing the Correlation between Blood Trace Element Concentrations, Picky Eating Habits, and Intelligence Quotient in School-Aged Children" Children 10, no. 7: 1249. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10071249