Knowledge and Attitudes around First Aid and Basic Life Support of Kindergarten and Elementary School Teachers and Parents in Taif City, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design and Setting
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Sample Size
2.4. Tools of Data Collection
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions and Recommendations
- Implementing evidence-based first aid training and practice that address the community determinants and inserting it as a vital part of primary healthcare services. This would give citizens the knowledge and skills needed to help in an emergency.
- Organizing an injury prevention program that consists of good strategies, policies, coordination, surveillance, education, and social marketing.
- Providing proper education to the public, parents, and teachers about different injury risk factors and the influencing behaviors through social media and school-based curriculums.
- Advocating for the integration of first aid and CPR programs into the school curriculum with organization of more first aid training workshops for teachers.
- Encouraging the inclusion of first aid training certificates into job requirements, especially for educators.
- Providing a safe and controlled environment for children and youth to learn, play, and live.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
- Gender
- Male
- Female
- Age
- Nationality
- Saudi
- Non-Saudi
- Where do you live?
- In Taif
- Outside Taif
- Marital status
- Single
- Married
- Divorced
- Widowed
- Educational Qualification
- Primary
- Secondary
- Middle
- Graduate
- Post-graduate
- Job Sector
- Educational field
- Health field
- Not employed
- Other
- Previous CPR training?
- Yes
- No
- Where and how have the respondents received their CPR training?
- In the school
- Red Cross
- Private organization
- Other work
- Others
- Time since previous CPR training?
- Between 0 and 6 months
- Between 7 and 12 months
- Between 13 and 24 months
- More than 2 years
- What is the correct emergency phone number?
- 999
- 998
- 997
- You are alone and come across a lifeless adult person. What do you do?
- Immediately start chest compressions
- Check for consciousness, secure airways, and check if the patient is breathing
- Check for pulse
- It turns out the patient is breathing but shows no response to verbal stimuli. What do you do?
- Immediately start chest compressions
- Put the patient in a recovery position and call for an ambulance
- Check for pulse
- You decide to perform CPR. Which of the following combinations of chest compressions and ventilations would you choose?
- 30 chest compressions: 2 rescue breathings
- 30 chest compressions: 5 rescue breathings
- 2 rescue breathings: 30 chest compressions
- How deep and how fast would you perform chest compressions?
- 4–5 cm and 100/min
- At least 5 cm and 100–120/min
- No answer
- What is the purpose of an automated external defibrillator (AED)?
- To analyze the heart rhythm
- To analyze the heart rhythm and give an electric shock if necessary
- To give cardiac massage
- I do not know
- Who is allowed to use an AED?
- Every citizen
- Only skilled people
- Only emergency personnel
- Does the respondent kneel next to the torso?
- Yes
- No
- How is the hand placement on the torso?
- Use one hand
- Place one hand above the other with the palms downward
- Use one hand as a fist
- Cross the fingers of both hands
- Two hands next to each other
- Not able to place hands
- Chest compression frequency
- Less than one press/s
- One press/2 s
- One press/s
- Two presses/s
- More than two presses/s
- Irregular press
- If you had no previous CPR training, what is the reason?
- Little interest
- Little time
- Not sure where to attend the course
- Costs
- No answer
- What reason makes people afraid to apply BLS to victims?
- Afraid of contagious diseases through the mouth-to-mouth breath
- Causing potential harm to the person in need
- Afraid of legal consequences
- Emotional factors
- Lack of proper knowledge and skills
- Do you want more training?
- Yes
- No
- If you want more CPR training, what is the reason?
- Heart disease within the family
- Wish to avoid unnecessary death
- Other reason or no answer
- Would you be willing to take a free CPR course if it were offered?
- Yes
- No
- Do you think CPR training should be mandatory?
- Yes, at school.
- Yes, to obtain a driver’s license.
- Yes, training should be mandatory in every job.
- No, CPR training should be optional.
- Is CPR already part of the educational curriculum?
- Yes
- No
- Do you think CPR training should be required for teacher certification?
- Yes
- No
- Do you think each school should have an AED?
- Yes
- No
- Have you observed CPR on a collapsed patient?
- Yes
- No
- Have you participated in CPR before?
- Yes
- No
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Sociodemographic Characteristics | n | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Female | 412 | 63.6 |
Male | 236 | 36.4 | |
Age | <25 | 74 | 11.4 |
25–35 | 122 | 18.8 | |
36–45 | 233 | 36.0 | |
46–55 | 172 | 26.5 | |
56–60 | 30 | 4.6 | |
>60 | 17 | 2.6 | |
Nationality | Saudi | 629 | 96.9 |
Non-Saudi | 19 | 3.1 | |
Marital status | Single | 125 | 19.3 |
Married | 483 | 74.5 | |
Divorced | 24 | 3.7 | |
Widowed | 16 | 2.5 | |
Participants group | Teachers | 248 | 38.3 |
Parents | 400 | 61.7 | |
Educational qualification | Primary | 21 | 3.2 |
Secondary | 82 | 12.7 | |
Middle | 15 | 2.3 | |
Graduate | 473 | 73.0 | |
Post-graduate | 57 | 8.8 | |
Job sector | Educational field | 387 | 59.7 |
Health field | 39 | 6.0 | |
Not employed | 149 | 23.0 | |
Other | 73 | 11.3 | |
Had previous training in CPR | No | 506 | 78.1 |
Yes | 142 | 21.9 | |
Training center (n = 142) | In school | 38 | 26.8 |
Private institution | 44 | 31.0 | |
Red Crescent | 35 | 24.6 | |
Another workplace | 25 | 17.6 | |
Time since CPR training done (n = 142) | 0–6 months | 21 | 14.8 |
7–12 months | 23 | 16.2 | |
13–24 months | 22 | 15.5 | |
>2 years | 76 | 53.5 |
Questions | n | % | |
---|---|---|---|
The correct number of the Saudi Red Crescent: | 997 * | 475 | 73.3 |
998 | 112 | 17.3 | |
999 | 61 | 9.4 | |
You are alone and come across an apparently lifeless adult person. What do you do? | Check for consciousness, secure airways, and check if the patient is breathing * | 392 | 60.5 |
Check for pulse | 206 | 31.8 | |
Immediately start chest compressions | 50 | 7.7 | |
It turns out the patient is breathing but shows no response to verbal stimuli. What do you do? | Check for pulse | 68 | 10.5 |
Immediately start chest compressions | 72 | 11.1 | |
Put the patient in recovery position and call for ambulance * | 508 | 78.4 | |
You decide to perform CPR. Which of the following combinations of chest compressions and ventilations would you choose? | 2 rescue breathings and 30 chest compressions | 172 | 26.5 |
30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breathings * | 332 | 51.2 | |
30 chest compressions and 5 rescue breathings | 144 | 22.2 | |
What is the appropriate depth and rate for chest compressions? | 4–5 cm and 100/min | 71 | 50.0 |
At least 5 cm and 100–120/min * | 35 | 24.6 | |
I don’t know | 36 | 25.4 | |
What is the purpose of the automated external defibrillator? | To analyze the heart rhythm | 24 | 16.9 |
To analyze the heart rhythm and if necessary to give an electric shock * | 57 | 40.1 | |
To give cardiac massage | 25 | 17.6 | |
I don’t know | 36 | 25.4 | |
Who is allowed to use an (automated external defibrillator) AED? | Every citizen * | 21 | 14.8 |
Only emergency personnel | 52 | 36.6 | |
Only skilled people | 69 | 48.6 | |
Does the respondent kneel next to the torso? | No | 22 | 15.5 |
Yes * | 120 | 84.5 | |
How is the hand placement on the torso? | Used one hand as a fist | 8 | 5.6 |
Two hands next to each other | 9 | 6.3 | |
Place one hand above the other with palms of the hands downwards * | 98 | 69.0 | |
Cross the fingers of both hands | 20 | 14.1 | |
Not able to place hands | 1 | .7 | |
Used of one hand | 6 | 4.2 | |
The appropriate chest compression frequency to be done in CPR? | <1 compression/1 s | 17 | 12.0 |
1 compression/1 s | 70 | 49.3 | |
1 compression/2 s | 24 | 16.9 | |
2 compressions/1 s * | 14 | 9.9 | |
>2 compressions/1 s | 10 | 7.0 | |
Irregular compression | 7 | 4.9 |
Sociodemographic Characteristics | Knowledge Level | p Value * | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Good | Fair | Poor | ||||
Groups | Teacher | n | 6 | 51 | 191 | 0.682 |
% | 2.4% | 20.6% | 77.0% | |||
Parents | n | 9 | 94 | 297 | ||
% | 2.3% | 23.5% | 74.3% | |||
Gender | Female | n | 9 | 81 | 322 | 0.081 |
% | 2.2% | 19.7% | 78.2% | |||
Male | n | 6 | 64 | 166 | ||
% | 2.5% | 27.1% | 70.3% | |||
Age | <25 | n | 2 | 20 | 52 | 0.244 |
% | 2.7% | 27.0% | 70.3% | |||
25–35 | n | 6 | 24 | 92 | ||
% | 4.9% | 19.7% | 75.4% | |||
36–45 | n | 6 | 55 | 172 | ||
% | 2.6% | 23.6% | 73.8% | |||
46–55 | n | 0 | 39 | 133 | ||
% | 0.0% | 22.7% | 77.3% | |||
56–60 | n | 0 | 5 | 25 | ||
% | 0.0% | 16.7% | 83.3% | |||
>60 | n | 1 | 2 | 14 | ||
% | 5.9% | 11.8% | 82.4% | |||
Nationality | Saudi | n | 15 | 140 | 474 | 0.742 |
% | 2.4% | 22.3% | 75.4% | |||
Non-Saudi | n | 0 | 5 | 14 | ||
% | 0.0% | 26.3% | 73.7% | |||
Educational level | Primary | n | 0 | 8 | 13 | 0.430 |
% | 0.0% | 38.1% | 61.9% | |||
Middle | n | 1 | 6 | 8 | ||
% | 6.7% | 40.0% | 53.3% | |||
Secondary | n | 2 | 17 | 63 | ||
% | 2.4% | 20.7% | 76.8% | |||
Graduate | n | 11 | 102 | 360 | ||
% | 2.3% | 21.6% | 76.1% | |||
Post-graduate | n | 1 | 12 | 44 | ||
% | 1.8% | 21.1% | 77.2% | |||
Job field | Educational field | n | 8 | 81 | 298 | 0.282 |
% | 2.1% | 20.9% | 77.0% | |||
Health field | n | 2 | 13 | 24 | ||
% | 5.1% | 33.3% | 61.5% | |||
Not employed | n | 2 | 37 | 110 | ||
% | 1.3% | 24.8% | 73.8% | |||
Other | n | 3 | 14 | 56 | ||
% | 4.1% | 19.2% | 76.7% | |||
Previous training in CPR | No | n | 4 | 91 | 411 | <0.001 * |
% | 0.8% | 18.0% | 81.2% | |||
Yes | n | 11 | 54 | 77 | ||
% | 7.7% | 38.0% | 54.2% | |||
Time since received CPR training (n = 142) | 0–6 months | n | 3 | 6 | 12 | 0.453 |
% | 14.3% | 28.6% | 57.1% | |||
7–12 months | n | 3 | 11 | 9 | ||
% | 13.0% | 47.8% | 39.1% | |||
13–24 months | n | 2 | 8 | 12 | ||
% | 9.1% | 36.4% | 54.5% | |||
>2 years | n | 3 | 29 | 44 | ||
% | 3.9% | 38.2% | 57.9% |
Perceptions and Attitudes | n | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Reason for not receiving CPR training (n = 506) | Costs | 36 | 7.1 |
Lack of time | 142 | 28.1 | |
Little interest | 69 | 13.6 | |
Not sure where to attend course | 259 | 51.2 | |
Perception regarding reasons that make a person hesitate to start CPR | Afraid of contagious diseases through mouth-to-mouth breath | 40 | 6.2 |
Afraid of legal consequences | 77 | 11.9 | |
Causing potential harm to the person in need | 97 | 15.0 | |
Emotional reasons | 41 | 6.3 | |
Lack of proper knowledge and skills | 393 | 60.6 | |
Require more training in CPR | No | 94 | 14.5 |
Yes | 554 | 85.5 | |
Motive for doing more training (n = 554) | Heart disease within the family | 46 | 8.3 |
Wish of avoiding unnecessary death | 282 | 50.9 | |
Other reasons | 226 | 40.8 | |
Would like to attend CPR if it is of no cost | No | 80 | 12.3 |
Yes | 568 | 87.7 | |
Think CPR training should be mandatory | Yes, at school | 235 | 36.3 |
Yes, to obtain a driving license | 39 | 6.0 | |
Yes, training should be mandatory in every job | 269 | 41.5 | |
No, CPR training should be optional | 105 | 16.2 | |
CPR training part of the educational plan in the school (answered only by the teachers) (n = 248) | No | 145 | 58.5 |
Yes | 103 | 41.5 | |
Think that CPR training should be a requirement for obtaining a teaching job | No | 320 | 49.4 |
Yes | 328 | 50.6 | |
Think that an automated external defibrillator should be available in every school | No | 126 | 19.4 |
Yes | 522 | 80.6 | |
Seen doing real CPR | No | 372 | 57.4 |
Yes | 276 | 42.6 | |
Performed CPR in real | No | 589 | 90.9 |
Yes | 59 | 9.1 |
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Share and Cite
Tamur, S.; Alasmari, R.M.; Alnemari, M.A.; Altowairgi, M.A.; Altowairqi, A.H.; Alshamrani, N.M.; Aljaid, M.; Al-Malki, S.; Khayat, A.; Alzahrani, A.; et al. Knowledge and Attitudes around First Aid and Basic Life Support of Kindergarten and Elementary School Teachers and Parents in Taif City, Saudi Arabia. Children 2023, 10, 1266. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10071266
Tamur S, Alasmari RM, Alnemari MA, Altowairgi MA, Altowairqi AH, Alshamrani NM, Aljaid M, Al-Malki S, Khayat A, Alzahrani A, et al. Knowledge and Attitudes around First Aid and Basic Life Support of Kindergarten and Elementary School Teachers and Parents in Taif City, Saudi Arabia. Children. 2023; 10(7):1266. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10071266
Chicago/Turabian StyleTamur, Shadi, Raghad Mousa Alasmari, Matooqa Abdulkareem Alnemari, Manar Abdullah Altowairgi, Atheer Hammad Altowairqi, Nouf Mohammed Alshamrani, Maryam Aljaid, Sultan Al-Malki, Abdullah Khayat, Ahmad Alzahrani, and et al. 2023. "Knowledge and Attitudes around First Aid and Basic Life Support of Kindergarten and Elementary School Teachers and Parents in Taif City, Saudi Arabia" Children 10, no. 7: 1266. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10071266