Influences of Maternal Nutrition and Lifestyle Factors on Early Childhood Oral Health: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms and Intervention Strategies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search Strategy
2.2. Study Selection
2.3. Data Extraction
2.4. Quality Assessment
2.5. Data Synthesis and Analysis
2.6. Risk of Bias Assessment
2.7. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Study Selection
3.2. Study Characteristics and Outcomes
3.3. Quality of Included Studies
3.4. Meta-Analysis
3.4.1. Maternal Vitamin D Intake Is Associated with Reduced Early Childhood Carries and Enamel Defects
3.4.2. Maternal Smoking Is Associated with Increased Risk of Early Childhood Carries
4. Discussion
5. Limitations and Future Research
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author, Year | Country | Study Design | Sample Size | Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mortensen et al., 2022 [10] | Denmark | Retrospective Cohort | 1241 | Prevalence of HSPM: 54.7%. No significant association between 25(OH) D and HSPM. |
Beckett et al., 2022 [8] | New Zealand | Retrospective Cohort | 81 | Vitamin D insufficiency (<50 nmol/L) in the third trimester was associated with an increased risk of caries by age 6 (IRR: 3.55, CI: 1.15–10.92). |
Børsting et al., 2022 [11] | Norway | Randomized Trial | 176 pairs | Prevalence: 32% MIH, 22% HSPM. Insufficient maternal vitamin D during gestational weeks 18–22 was significantly associated with MIH (adjusted RR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.13–2.93). |
Nørrisgaard et al., 2019 [7] | Denmark | Randomized Trial | 623 mothers; 588 of their children | High-dose vitamin D (2400 IU/day) supplementation during pregnancy was associated with a lower risk of enamel defects in permanent OR: 0.47 (95% CI: 0.27–0.81) and deciduous dentitions OR: 0.50 (95% CI: 0.28–0.87) of the offspring. |
Van der Tas et al., 2018 [9] | The Netherland | Prospective Cohort | 4750 mothers; 3983 children | No significant association between 25(OH) D concentrations in prenatal, early postnatal, and later postnatal life and the presence of HSPMs or MIH at the age of six. |
Reed et al., 2017 [12] | USA | Randomized Trial | 29 Pairs | EH prevalence: 45%. Maternal vitamin D insufficiency might be associated with EH in children’s teeth. |
Schroth et al., 2014 [13] | USA | Prospective Cohort | 207 | Mothers of children with ECC had significantly lower 25(OH) D levels compared to those whose children were caries-free (41 ± 20 nmol/L vs. 52 ± 27 nmol/L; p = 0.05). |
M. J. Silva et al., 2018 [14] | Australia | Prospective Cohort | 250 twin pregnancies; 344 twins | Prevalence of HSPM was 19.8%. No significant evidence (p = 0.172) was found for genetic influence on HSPM. Maternal smoking in the second OR: 2.84, 95% CI (1.28–6.30), p = 0.01 and third OR: 3.23, 95% CI (1.42–7.33), p = 0.05 trimester was associated with HSPM. |
Neto et al., 2020 [15] | Brazil | Cross-section | 152 | Children with vitamin D deficiency during gestation were 6.40 times more likely to have DDE. |
Author, Year | Country | Study Design | Sample Size | Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Akinkugbe, 2021 [16] | England | Retrospective Cohort | 1429 | RR: 1.60 (1.09–2.32) |
Akinkugbe, 2020 [17] | England | Prospective Cohort | 1429 | RR: 1.30 (1.08–1.58) |
Borowska-Struginska et al., 2016 [18] | Poland | Cross-section | 1131 | OR: 1.42 (0.95–2.12) |
Claudia et al., 2016 [19] | Australia | Retrospective Cohort | 1687 | RR: 1.42 (1.20–1.68) |
Iida et al., 2007 [20] | USA | Cross-section | 1576 | OR: 1.68 (1.01–2.79) |
Julihn et al., 2009 [21] | Sweden | Cross-section | 15,538 | OR: 1.33 (1.22–1.44) |
Julihn et al., 2018 [22] | Sweden | Cross-section | 65,259 | OR: 1.56 (1.42–1.63) |
Majorana et al., 2014 [23] | Italy | Cross-section | 2395 | OR: 1.42 (0.92–2.21) |
Tanaka et al., 2015 [24] | Japan | Cross-section | 6412 | OR: 1.70 (1.15–2.48) |
Tanaka et al., 2009 [4] | Japan | Cross-section | 2015 | OR: 2.03 (1.33–3.09) |
Tanaka et al., 2015 [24] | Japan | Retrospective Cohort | 76,920 | HR: 1.10 (0.97–1.25) |
Foxman B et al., 2023 [25] | USA | Prospective Cohort | 1015 | OR: 2.7 (1.29–5.64) |
Philips M., 2016 [26] | USA | Retrospective Cohort | 917 | OR: 1.01 (1.01–1.02) |
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Alrashdi, M. Influences of Maternal Nutrition and Lifestyle Factors on Early Childhood Oral Health: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms and Intervention Strategies. Children 2024, 11, 1107. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11091107
Alrashdi M. Influences of Maternal Nutrition and Lifestyle Factors on Early Childhood Oral Health: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms and Intervention Strategies. Children. 2024; 11(9):1107. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11091107
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlrashdi, Murad. 2024. "Influences of Maternal Nutrition and Lifestyle Factors on Early Childhood Oral Health: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms and Intervention Strategies" Children 11, no. 9: 1107. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11091107