Prenatal Renal Vein Thrombosis

Background: The neonatal period has a number of characteristics leading to an increased risk of severe and, in many cases, life-threatening complications. Renal venous thrombosis is one of them. It accounts for 16–20% of all thromboembolisms in the neonatal period. Due to the delicate balance in coagulation status in the first days after birth, conditions such as infections, hypoxia, hypotension, and dehydration can lead to the occurrence of this complication. The incidence of renal thrombosis is 2.2/100,000 live births, with cases of intrauterine renal thrombosis being even rarer (7% of cases). The diagnosis of the disease is usually performed using ultrasound examination and Doppler sonography, although contrast angiography is the gold standard for diagnosing these conditions. Case presentation: We present a clinical case of a male child with manifestations of diabetic fetopathy and prenatally occurring venous thrombosis of the right kidney, confirmed by ultrasound 2 h after birth. Results: The occurrence and evolution of venous thrombosis was monitored through a series of ultrasound examinations. Despite the restoration of renal blood flow after the initiation of therapy, long-term follow-up at 6 and 12 months revealed the onset of renal atrophy. Conclusions: Prenatal renal vein thrombosis is a rare but severe pathology for the newborns. Ultrasound examination is the method of first choice in cases of suspected renal vein thrombosis, as well as for renal blood flow restoration and for the monitoring of the fate of the affected kidney.