Family Socioeconomic Status at Birth and Youth Impulsivity at Age 15; Blacks’ Diminished Return
Abstract
:1. Background
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design and Setting
2.2. FFCWS Sample and Sampling
2.3. Analytical Sample in the Current Study
2.4. Study Variables
2.4.1. Independent Variables
2.4.2. Covariate
2.4.3. Main Dependent Variables
2.4.4. Moderator
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.6. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics
3.2. Bivariate Correlations
3.3. Family SES at Birth and Youth Impulsivity 15 Years Later
4. Discussion
4.1. Public Policy Implications
4.2. Public Health Implications
4.3. Limitations and Future Research
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Ethical Standard
References
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Characteristics | All n = 1931 | Whites n = 495 | Blacks n = 1436 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Family Race | ||||||
White | 495 | 25.60 | 495 | 100.00 | - | - |
Black | 1436 | 74.40 | - | - | 1436 | 100% |
Child Gender | ||||||
Male | 981 | 50.83 | - | - | - | - |
Female | 950 | 49.17 | - | - | - | - |
Family Structure (Married Parents) at Baseline *,a | ||||||
No | 1462 | 75.70 | 198 | 40.00 | 1264 | 88.03 |
Yes | 469 | 24.30 | 297 | 60.00 | 172 | 11.97 |
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
Household Income (USD1000) at Baseline *,b | 33.80 | 33.16 | 61.21 | 41.74 | 24.35 | 23.03 |
Maternal Education at Baseline *,b | 2.25 | 1.00 | 2.90 | 1.05 | 2.02 | 0.88 |
Youth Impulsivity at Age 15 *,b | 7.40 | 3.68 | 6.60 | 3.62 | 7.67 | 3.66 |
Characteristics | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall sample (n = 1931) | ||||||
1 Race (Black) | 1.00 | 0.01 | −0.49 ** | −0.38 ** | −0.49 ** | 0.13 ** |
2 Gender (Female) | 1.00 | −0.00 | −0.02 | 0.02 | −0.02 | |
3 Family Structure (Married Parents) at Baseline | 1.00 | 0.50 ** | 0.56 ** | −0.14 ** | ||
4 Maternal Education at Baseline | 1.00 | 0.55 ** | −0.14 ** | |||
5 Household Income (USD1000) at Baseline | 1.00 | −0.16 ** | ||||
6 Youth Impulsivity at age 15 | 1 | |||||
Whites (n = 495) | ||||||
2 Gender (Female) | 1.00 | −0.05 | −0.04 | −0.01 | −0.11 * | |
3 Family Structure (Married Parents) at Baseline | 1.00 | 0.56 ** | 0.50 ** | −0.10 * | ||
4 Maternal Education at Baseline | 1.00 | 0.52 ** | −0.17 ** | |||
5 Household Income (USD1000) at Baseline | 1.00 | −0.20 ** | ||||
6 Youth Impulsivity at age 15 | 1.00 | |||||
Blacks (n = 1436) | ||||||
2 Gender (Female) | 1.00 | 0.03 | −0.01 | 0.06 * | 0.01 | |
3 Family Structure (Married Parents) at Baseline | 1.00 | 0.29 ** | 0.35 ** | −0.08 ** | ||
4 Maternal Education at Baseline | 1.00 | 0.43 ** | −0.08 ** | |||
5 Household Income at Baseline | 1.00 | −0.06 * | ||||
6 Youth Impulsivity at age 15 | 1.00 |
Characteristics | B | 95%CI | B | 95%CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | |||
Race (Black) | 0.40 | −0.05–0.85 | −0.09 | −1.14–0.97 |
Gender (Female) | −0.16 | −0.48–0.16 | −0.16 | −0.49–0.16 |
Family Structure (Married Parents) at Baseline | −0.33 | −0.82–0.16 | 0.30 | −0.52–1.12 |
Maternal Education at Baseline | −0.24 * | −0.44–−0.04 | −0.38 | −0.76–0.01 |
Household Income (USD1000) at Baseline | −0.01 * | −0.01–0.00 | −0.01 ** | −0.02–0.00 |
Race × Married | −0.96 | −1.99–0.07 | ||
Race × Maternal Education | 0.15 | −0.30–0.61 | ||
Race × Household Income (USD1000) | 0.01 * | 0.00–0.02 | ||
Intercept | 8.08 *** | 7.44–8.71 | 8.44 *** | 7.48–9.40 |
Characteristics | B | 95%CI | B | 95%CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
Whites n = 495 | Blacks n = 1436 | |||
Model 3 | Model 4 | |||
Gender (Female) | −0.85 ** | −1.47–−0.23 | 0.07 | −0.31–0.45 |
Family Structure (Married Parents) at Baseline | 0.27 | −0.53–1.07 | −0.67 ** | −1.30–−0.04 |
Maternal Education at Baseline | −0.39 * | −0.76–−0.01 | −0.22 | −0.46–0.02 |
Household Income (USD1000) at Baseline | −0.01 ** | −0.02–0.00 | 0.00 | −0.01–0.01 |
Intercept | 8.80 *** | 7.83–9.78 | 8.23 *** | 7.71–8.74 |
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Assari, S.; Caldwell, C.H.; Mincy, R. Family Socioeconomic Status at Birth and Youth Impulsivity at Age 15; Blacks’ Diminished Return. Children 2018, 5, 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/children5050058
Assari S, Caldwell CH, Mincy R. Family Socioeconomic Status at Birth and Youth Impulsivity at Age 15; Blacks’ Diminished Return. Children. 2018; 5(5):58. https://doi.org/10.3390/children5050058
Chicago/Turabian StyleAssari, Shervin, Cleopatra Howard Caldwell, and Ron Mincy. 2018. "Family Socioeconomic Status at Birth and Youth Impulsivity at Age 15; Blacks’ Diminished Return" Children 5, no. 5: 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/children5050058