Does Participation in Sports Influence the Prevalence of and Initiation into Multiple Substance Misuse in Adolescence? A Two-Year Prospective Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedures
2.3. Instruments and Variables
2.4. Statistics
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Prevalence and Dynamics of Changes in CSHD in Adolescence
4.2. Sports Factors and Multiple Substance Misuse in Adolescence
4.3. Limitations and Strengths
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Baseline Testing | Follow-Up Testing | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-CSHD | CSHD | MW/χ2 (p) | Non-CSHD | CSHD | MW/χ2 (p) | |
F (%) | F (%) | F (%) | F (%) | |||
Individual sport participation (χ2) | 10.79 (0.01) | 9.99 (0.01) | ||||
Yes, currently | 138 (21) | 14 (35.9) | 134 (20.8) | 18 (34.6) | ||
Yes, but quit | 200 (30.5) | 16 (41) | 196 (30.5) | 20 (38.5) | ||
No, never | 318 (48.5) | 9 (23.1) | 313 (48.7) | 14 (26.9) | ||
Team sport participation (χ2) | 18.85 (0.001) | 14.10 (0.001) | ||||
Yes, currently | 157 (23.9) | 16 (41) | 157 (24.4) | 16 (30.8) | ||
Yes, but quit | 242 (36.9) | 21 (53.8) | 234 (36.4) | 29 (55.8) | ||
No, never | 257 (39.2) | 2 (5.1) | 252 (39.2) | 7 (13.5) | ||
Sport experience (MW) | 3.38 (0.001) | 2.97 (0.001) | ||||
Never been involved | 193 (29.4) | 1 (2.6) | 191 (29.7) | 3 (5.8) | ||
<1 year | 121 (18.4) | 8 (20.5) | 119 (18.5) | 10 (19.2) | ||
2–5 years | 182 (27.7) | 11 (28.2) | 170 (26.4) | 23 (44.2) | ||
>5 years | 160 (24.4) | 19 (48.7) | 163 (25.3) | 16 (30.8) | ||
Sport achievement (MW) | 2.59 (0.01) | 2.74 (0.01) | ||||
Never involved/never competed | 364 (55.5) | 10 (25.6) | 358 (55.7) | 16 (30.8) | ||
Local competitions | 235 (35.8) | 28 (71.8) | 231 (35.9) | 32 (61.5) | ||
National/international competitions | 57 (8.7) | 1 (2.6) | 54 (8.4) | 4 (7.7) | ||
Training frequency per week (MW) | 3.30 (0.001) | 2.43 (0.02) | ||||
Not participated in sports | 155 (23.6) | 1 (2.6) | 153 (23.8) | 3 (5.8) | ||
1–2 training sessions | 206 (31.4) | 10 (25.6) | 197 (30.6) | 19 (36.5) | ||
3–5 training sessions | 228 (34.8) | 22 (56.4) | 227 (35.3) | 23 (44.2) | ||
>5 training sessions | 67 (10.2) | 6 (15.4) | 66 (10.2) | 7 (13.4) |
CSHD-BL | CSHD-FU | CSHD-INIT | |
---|---|---|---|
Individual sport participation | |||
Yes, currently involved | REF | REF | REF |
Yes, but quit | 2.27 (0.92–5.55) | 2.06 (0.96–4.45) | 0.79 (0.27–2.29) |
No, never | 2.40 (0.93–5.61) | 1.96 (0.96–4.03) | 1.28 (0.53–3.07) |
Team sport participation | |||
Yes, currently involved | REF | REF | REF |
Yes, but quit | 9.18 (2.04–22.26) | 2.68 (1.05–6.83) | 0.95 (0.30–2.98) |
No, never | 9.00 (2.07–39.16) | 3.70 (1.57–8.72) | 1.81 (0.71–4.59) |
Sport experience CONT | 1.66 (1.16–2.38) | 1.33 (0.01–1.78) | 1.02 (0.72–1.47) |
Sport achievement CONT | 1.38 (0.88–2.16) | 1.49 (0.91–2.20) | 1.58 (0.94–2.64) |
Training frequency per week CONT | 1.44 (0.99–2.08) | 1.21 (0.88–1.66) | 1.04 (0.67–1.57) |
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Zenic, N.; Rezic, M.; Zovko, I.C.; Vlahovic, H.; Sattler, T. Does Participation in Sports Influence the Prevalence of and Initiation into Multiple Substance Misuse in Adolescence? A Two-Year Prospective Analysis. Children 2020, 7, 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/children7090109
Zenic N, Rezic M, Zovko IC, Vlahovic H, Sattler T. Does Participation in Sports Influence the Prevalence of and Initiation into Multiple Substance Misuse in Adolescence? A Two-Year Prospective Analysis. Children. 2020; 7(9):109. https://doi.org/10.3390/children7090109
Chicago/Turabian StyleZenic, Natasa, Martina Rezic, Ivana Cerkez Zovko, Hrvoje Vlahovic, and Tine Sattler. 2020. "Does Participation in Sports Influence the Prevalence of and Initiation into Multiple Substance Misuse in Adolescence? A Two-Year Prospective Analysis" Children 7, no. 9: 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/children7090109