Engagement during a Mixed In-Person and Remotely Delivered Psychological Intervention for Youth with Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders and Anxiety
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Procedure and Sample
2.2. ADAPT Intervention
2.3. Outcome Measures
2.4. Data Analysis
2.4.1. Micro-Level Engagement
Quantitative Methods
Qualitative Methods
2.4.2. Macro-Level Engagement
Mixed Methods Approach
2.4.3. Engagement in Relation to ADAPT Outcomes
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. Micro-Level Engagement
3.2.1. Quantitative Results
3.2.2. Qualitative Results
3.3. Macro-Level Engagement
3.4. Web Tool Usage in Relation to ADAPT Outcomes
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Session | Platform * | Skill/Module | Target |
---|---|---|---|
1 | In person | Psychoeducation | Pain & Anxiety |
Relaxation: Deep Breathing & Guided Imagery | Pain | ||
2 | In person | Progressive Muscle Relaxation | Pain |
Calming Statements | Pain | ||
Activity Pacing | Pain | ||
3 | Web & phone | Pleasant Activity Scheduling | Pain |
Problem Solving | Pain | ||
4 † | Web & phone | Detective Thinking | Anxiety |
5 † | Web & phone | Stepladders | Anxiety |
Assertiveness Training | Anxiety | ||
6 | Web & phone | Maintenance Planning | Pain & Anxiety |
Passive Use | Interactive Use | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Videos | Handout | Forms | ||||
Skill Name | M (SD) | Range | M (SD) | Range | M (SD) | Range |
Overall (n = 55) | ||||||
Pleasant Activities & Problem Solving | 43.0% (39.4%) | 0–100% | 29.6% (40.6%) | 0–100% | 32.3% (22.9%) | 0–50% |
Detective Thinking | 43.3% (43.4%) | 0–100% | 21.1% (36.1%) | 0–100% | 29.6% (28.6%) | 0–67% |
Stepladders | 43.3% (44.7%) | 0–100% | 13.9% (31.8%) | 0–100% | 33.3% (47.7%) | 0–100% |
Assertiveness Training | 38.9% (43.8%) | 0–100% | 13.3% (34.4%) | 0–100% | 28.2% (27.5%) | 0–67% |
Maintenance Planning | 37.3% (45.4%) | 0–100% | 26.4% (43.9%) | 0–100% | N/A | N/A |
Effective (n, %) | Prompt | Participant Response |
Problem Solving (n = 20/48, 41.7% completed) | ||
Effective (20/20, 100%) | Identify your problem: | I get extreme belly pain when I swim causing me to want to sit out with my friends |
Identify your thoughts, feelings, and behavior: | Thought: My friends will be mad at me if I don’t keep playing in the pool Feelings: Worry that the pain will worsen and Sad if I choose to sit out | |
List coping skills you have learned so far: | Activity pacing, Progressive muscle relaxation, Positive statements, Mini relaxation, Deep breathing, Guided imagery | |
Pick several coping skills to use to deal with this problem: | Activity Pacing, Positive Statements, Deep Breathing, Mini Relaxation | |
Predict what will happen when you try the solution(s): | When I do activity pacing I think this will allow me to take some smaller breaks causing my belly to have time to stop hurting… When I do positive statements I would expect that the worry would decrease or stop …when I do deep breathing and mini relaxation I would expect to clear some of the negative thoughts and focus more on the swimming and fun than my pain | |
What actually did happen when you tried the solution(s): | the activity pacing extremely helped with the pain to the point there almost was no pain the positive statements reminded me that I had gotten though the same pain before so it was not going to control me this time The deep breathing helped because it feels refreshing to my stomach to take a deep breath and release almost what feels like tension The mini relaxation reminded me that I was trying to have fun and would distract me from the pain | |
What, if anything would you do differently next time: | try to stay in the pool longer and try guided imagery on the pool float | |
Effective (n, %) | Prompt | Participant Response |
Detective Thinking (n = 12/48, 25.0% completed) | ||
Effective (10/12, 83.3%) | Event: | I am going somewhere new and don’t know where |
Thoughts: | What if I am late or way to early? Am I sure this is where I’m going? Did I wear the appropriate thing? Was I supposed to bring something? | |
Worry rating before: | 9 out of 10 | |
What is the evidence? | I think this every time and I never am late… I could ask someone and see if I am going the right way. Don’t worry about what your wearing you look fine. …Plus people are late to things all the time. | |
What is a realistic thought? | You won’t be late and even if you are its not like it’ll be a big deal. | |
New worry rating: | 6 out of 10 |
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Miller, A.K.; Ely, S.L.; Barber Garcia, B.N.; Richardson, P.; Cunningham, N.R. Engagement during a Mixed In-Person and Remotely Delivered Psychological Intervention for Youth with Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders and Anxiety. Children 2021, 8, 775. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8090775
Miller AK, Ely SL, Barber Garcia BN, Richardson P, Cunningham NR. Engagement during a Mixed In-Person and Remotely Delivered Psychological Intervention for Youth with Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders and Anxiety. Children. 2021; 8(9):775. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8090775
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiller, Alaina K., Samantha L. Ely, Brittany N. Barber Garcia, Patricia Richardson, and Natoshia R. Cunningham. 2021. "Engagement during a Mixed In-Person and Remotely Delivered Psychological Intervention for Youth with Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders and Anxiety" Children 8, no. 9: 775. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8090775