Cognitive Profiles of Adolescent Inpatients with Substance Use Disorder
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. The Influence of Substance Use and Abuse on Adolescents’ Cognitive Abilities
1.2. Cognitive Profiles in Adolescents with a SUD
1.3. Aims
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Recruitment and Participant Flow
2.2. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Description of the Sample
3.2. Comparisons of Cognitive Profiles
3.3. Predictors of the Cognitive Profile
3.4. The Influence of the Number of Comorbid Diagnoses
4. Discussion
4.1. Verbal Comprehension
4.2. Working Memory
4.3. Processing Speed Index
4.4. Full Scale IQ
4.5. Influence of the Number of Comorbid Diagnoses on Cognitive Abilities
4.6. Implications for Clinical Practice
4.7. Limitations and Directions for Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
WISC-V Index | ||||||||
Clinical Group | Control Group | |||||||
M n = 22 | SD | M n = 22 | SD | F | (df1/df2) | p | η² | |
VCI | 88.72 | 8.35 | 100.41 | 10.26 | 17.152 | (1/42) | <0.001 | 0.29 |
VSI | 87.91 | 11.55 | 100.59 | 11.54 | 11.482 | (1/42) | 0.002 | 0.21 |
FRI | 92.18 | 13.28 | 99.45 | 13.83 | 3.163 | (1/42) | 0.083 | 0.07 |
WMI | 94.81 | 13.18 | 99.81 | 14.90 | 1.388 | (1/42) | 0.245 | 0.03 |
PSI | 93.86 | 14.01 | 102.41 | 15.82 | 3.594 | (1/42) | 0.065 | 0.07 |
FSIQ | 87.31 | 9.73 | 100.00 | 14.05 | 12.100 | (1/42) | 0.001 | 0.22 |
WAIS-IV Index | ||||||||
n = 27 | n = 27 | |||||||
VCI | 85.55 | 10.41 | 91.59 | 12.81 | 3.608 | (1/52) | 0.063 | 0.06 |
PRI | 88.18 | 12.37 | 96.70 | 15.38 | 5.026 | (1/52) | 0.029 | 0.08 |
WMI | 86.33 | 10.43 | 95.56 | 15.27 | 6.714 | (1/52) | 0.012 | 0.11 |
PSI | 89.74 | 11.48 | 94.15 | 10.30 | 2.203 | (1/52) | 0.144 | 0.04 |
FSIQ | 84.41 | 8.08 | 94.15 | 10.30 | 14.94 | (1/52) | <0.001 | 0.22 |
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WISC-V Clinical Group (n = 22) | WISC-V Control Group (n = 22) | WAIS-IV Clinical Group (n = 27) | WAIS-IV Control Group (n = 27) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (n and % female) | 10 (45.5%) | 10 (45.5%) | 12 (44.4%) | 12 (44.4%) |
M age (SD) | 14.55 (0.80) | 14.55 (0.80) | 17.07 (0.98) | 17.00 (0.06) |
Type of education | n = 18 | n = 22 | n = 18 | n = 27 |
Low | 6 (33.3%) | 2 (9.1%) | 3 (16.7%) | 4 (14.8%) |
Middle | 11 (61.1%) | 19 (86.4%) | 14 (77.8%) | 22 (81.5%) |
High | 1 (5.6%) | 1 (4.5%) | 1 (5.6%) | 1 (3.7%) |
Number of Comorbid Diagnoses | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (total N = 49); % | 0; 0% | 8; 16.3% | 13; 26.5% | 10; 20.4% | 12; 24.5% | 4; 8.2% | 1; 2.0% | 1; 2.0% |
Index | Clinical Group n = 49 | Control Group n = 49 | MANOVA | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | F | (df1/df) | p | η² | |
FSIQ | 85.71 | 8.89 | 96.77 | 12.35 | 25.882 | (1/96) | <0.001 | 0.21 |
VCI | 86.97 | 9.58 | 95.55 | 12.43 | 14.606 | (1/96) | <0.001 | 0.13 |
WMI | 90.14 | 12.38 | 97.47 | 15.10 | 6.897 | (1/96) | 0.010 | 0.07 |
PSI | 91.59 | 12.71 | 97.86 | 13.57 | 5.559 | (1/96) | 0.020 | 0.06 |
Variable | FSIQ N = 36 | PSI N = 36 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SE [B] | 95% CI | β | t | p | B | SE [B] | 95% CI | β | t | p | |
Sex | 1.27 | 2.86 | [−4.57, 7.11] | 0.072 | 0.444 | 0.660 | 11.05 | 3.85 | [3.19, 18.91] | 0.439 | 2.869 | 0.007 |
Type of education | 8.28 | 2.71 | [2.76, 13.80] | 0.492 | 3.062 | 0.005 | 6.55 | 3.64 | [−0.87, 13,98] | 0.274 | 1.801 | 0.081 |
Depression | 0.42 | 2.81 | [−5.32, 6.12] | 0.024 | 0.149 | 0.883 | −8.89 | 3.79 | [−16.63, −1.17] | −0.354 | −2.347 | 0.025 |
Number of comorbid diagnosis | −0.79 | 0.99 | [−2.83, 1.25] | −0.123 | −0.788 | 0.437 | −0.49 | 1.35 | [−3.24, 2.25] | −0.054 | −0.368 | 0.716 |
R2 | 0.31 | 0.38 | ||||||||||
ΔR2 | 0.22 | 0.30 |
Variable | VCI N = 36 | WMI N = 36 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SE [B] | 95% CI | β | t | p | B | SE [B] | 95% CI | β | t | p | |
Sex | −6.83 | 3.23 | [−13.42, −0.23] | −0.365 | −2.111 | 0.043 | −0.58 | 4.45 | [−9.66, 8.49] | −0.023 | −0.131 | 0.896 |
Type of education | 5.38 | 3.06 | [−0.86, 11.61] | 0.302 | 1.760 | 0.088 | 9.29 | 4.21 | [0.72, 17.87] | 0.383 | 2.210 | 0.035 |
Depression | 5.55 | 3.18 | [−0.93, 12.04] | 0.297 | 1.746 | 0.091 | −7.76 | 4.38 | [−16.69, 1.17] | −0.304 | −1.773 | 0.086 |
Number of comorbid diagnosis | −0.58 | 1.13 | [−2.89, 1.71] | −0.087 | −0.521 | 0.606 | 0.60 | 1.55 | [−2.56, 3.78] | 0.065 | 0.388 | 0.701 |
R2 | 0.21 | 0.19 | ||||||||||
ΔR2 | 0.11 | 0.09 |
Index | Two or Fewer Comorbid Diagnosis N = 21 | Three or More Comorbid Diagnosis N = 28 | MANOVA | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | F | (df1/df) | p | η² | |
FSIQ | 87.57 | 10.79 | 84.32 | 7.04 | 1.624 | (1/47) | 0.209 | 0.03 |
VCI | 88.19 | 9.12 | 86.07 | 9.12 | 0.582 | (1/47) | 0.449 | 0.01 |
WMI | 91.43 | 14.25 | 89.18 | 10.94 | 0.391 | (1/47) | 0.535 | 0.01 |
PSI | 94.29 | 13.76 | 89.57 | 11.72 | 1.673 | (1/47) | 0.202 | 0.03 |
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Becker, A.B.C.; Lüken, L.M.; Kelker, L.; Holtmann, M.; Daseking, M.; Legenbauer, T. Cognitive Profiles of Adolescent Inpatients with Substance Use Disorder. Children 2022, 9, 756. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9050756
Becker ABC, Lüken LM, Kelker L, Holtmann M, Daseking M, Legenbauer T. Cognitive Profiles of Adolescent Inpatients with Substance Use Disorder. Children. 2022; 9(5):756. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9050756
Chicago/Turabian StyleBecker, Angelika Beate Christiane, Luisa Marie Lüken, Lea Kelker, Martin Holtmann, Monika Daseking, and Tanja Legenbauer. 2022. "Cognitive Profiles of Adolescent Inpatients with Substance Use Disorder" Children 9, no. 5: 756. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9050756