Bullying and Health Related Quality of Life among Adolescents—A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Eligibility Criteria
2.2. Information Sources
2.3. Search Strategy
2.4. Selection Process
2.5. Data Extraction and Critical Appraisal
3. Results
3.1. Study Selection
3.2. Study Characteristics
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Limitations of the Study
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
List of Abbreviations
HRQoL | Health related quality of life |
WHO | World Health Organization |
SF36 | Short-Form Health Survey |
SF 6D | Short-Form Health Survey |
VPAS | Victimization and Peer Aggression Scale |
CHU | Child Health Utility |
PedsQL | Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory instruments |
GBS | The Gatehouse Bullying Scale |
MeSH | Medical Subject Headings |
HCAT | Homophobic Content Agent Target Scale |
PHQ-9 | Patient Health Questionnaire |
GAD-7 | Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 |
VPAS | Victimization and Peer Aggression Scale |
WHOQOL | World health organization quality of life survey |
CTQ | Cyberbullying Triangulation Questionnaire- |
EBIPQ | Intervention Project Questionnaire |
EuroQol-5 | Vietnamese version of European quality of life surveydimensions-5 levels |
DASS-21 | The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale—21 Items |
APRI | Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument-Bullying |
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Author (Year) | Study Design | Selection | Comparability | Outcome | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative of the Sample | Sample Size | Non-Respondents | Ascertainment of Exposure | Based on Design and Analysis | Assessment of Outcome | Statistical Test | ||
Beckman et al. (2016) [21] | Cross-sectional | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Chester et al. (2017) [8] | Cross-sectional | + | + | + | + | + | ||
Diaz et al. (2017) [17] | Cross-sectional | + | + | + | + | + | ||
Fantaguzzi et al. (2017) [19] | Cross-sectional | + | ++ | + | + | + | ||
Hidalgo-Rasmussen et al. (2018) [22] | Cross-sectional | + | + | + | + | |||
Albaladejo-Blázquez et al. (2019) [23] | Cross-sectional | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Garbin et al. (2019) [7] | Cross-sectional | + | + | ++ | + | + | + | |
Haraldstad et al. (2019) [2] | Cross-sectional | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
González-Cabrera et al. (2020) [24] | Cross-sectional | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
Xiao et al. (2021) [16] | Cross-sectional | + | + | + | + | + | ||
Ngo et al. (2021) [25] | Cross-sectional | + | + | + | + | |||
Martin-Perez et al. (2021) [26] | Cross-sectional | + | + | ++ | + | + | + |
Author (Year) | Country | Sample Size (% Female) | Age Category | Research Instruments | Statistical Model | Findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beckman et al. (2016) [21] | Sweden | 758 (56.6%) | 15–17 | Self-reported; Short-Form Health Survey SF36 and SF 6D, (set of questions on bullying) | Linear regression analyses | Mean preference-based health-related quality of life scores were 0.76 for non-victims and 0.70 (0.69–0.71) (95 % CI); p < 0.01 for victims of bullying, respectively. |
Chester et al. (2017) [8] | (HBSC) study, England | 5335 (48.5%) | 11–15 | Self reported; Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire; HRQoL. KIDSCREEN-10 | Linear regression analyses | Weekly relational bullying resulted in an estimated 5.352 (95% confidence interval (CI), −4.178, −6.526) decrease in KIDSCREEN- 10 score compared with those not experiencing relational bullying. Bullying is associated with lower HRQoL. Girls were more likely than boys to report relational bullying, but the negative association with HRQoL was the same for both genders. |
Diaz et al. (2017) [17] | Spain | 769 (46%) | 13–17 | Self-reported social media use (set of questions), HQRoL: Kidscreen-52, 22-item Victimization Peers Scale | Pearson’s correlations; linear regression | Bullying at school has a negative effect on a child’s HRQoL, and the effect is bigger for aggressive victims than for pure victims. |
Fantaguzzi et al. (2017) [19] | England | 6667 (51.8%) | 11–12 | Quality of life was measured using both the Child Health Utility 9D, CHU-9D and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, PedsQL instruments, The Gatehouse Bullying Scale (GBS). | Linear regression analyses | When compared to their classmates, children who were bullied or acted aggressively at school had lower health-related quality of life and utility scores. The difference was −0.1 on a scale of 0–1 for CHU-9D utility scores and −16 on a scale of 0–100 for PedsQL scores. |
Hidalgo-Rasmussen et al. (2018) [22] | Mexico | 248 (52.9%) | 8–18 | Self-reported social media use (set of questions), HRQoL using KIDSCREEN 10, Bullying using social acceptance domain of KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire | Multivariate logistic regression | After adjusting for health perception, gender, and age, being a victim of bullying doubled the risk of having a lower HRQoL than not being a victim, OR 2.3%. (1.7–3.1). |
Albaladejo-Blázquez et al. (2019) [23] | Spain | 1723 (49%) | 11–19 | Self-reported social media use (set of questions), Bullying: The Illinois Bully Scale, Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL): KIDSCREEN-27, The Homophobic Verbal Content Bullying: Homophobic Content Agent Target (HCAT) Scale, Depression: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Anxiety: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) | ANCOVAs | Both traditional and homophobic bullying negatively affect adolescent health-related quality of life and mental health. Physical wellbeing [Role: F (3,1723) = 4.751, p = 0.003, η2 = 0.008], psychological wellbeing [Role: F (3,1723) = 18.808, p = 0.0001, η2 = 0.032], autonomy and parent relations [Role: F (3,1723) = 14.574, p = 0.0001, η2 = 0.025], social support and peers [Role: F (3,1723) = 10.128, p = 0.0001, η2 = 0.017], school environment [Role: F (3,1723) = 25.358, p = 0.0001, η2 = 0.042]. |
Garbin et al. (2019) [7] | Brazil | 382 (62%) | 11–16 | Self-reported social media use (set of questions), The Victimization and Peer Aggression Scale (VPAS) for bullying, quality of life of adolescents, the WHOQOL-Bref instrument | Spearman correlation | Study concluded that as bullying increases, the health-related quality of life decreases. Physical (−0.26; p = 0.001) Psychological (−0.38; p = 0.001) Social Relations (1.9; p = 0.001) Environment (−0.16; p = 0.001) |
Haraldstad et al. (2019) [2] | Norway | 723 (54%) | 12–18 | Self-reported social media use (set of questions), KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire, Bullying questions: “How often have you been bullied?” and “How often have you bullied others?” Both questions were answered using a five-point scale where 1 = “never”, 2 = “only once or twice”, 3 = “two or three times a month”, 4 = “about once a week”, and 5 = “several times a week”. In the analyses presented here, the two bullying variables were dichotomized as never or only once or twice or more. | Pearson’s correlation | Being involved in bullying as a victim is correlated with poorer health-related quality of life. Phys wellbeing (−0.07; β = 0.05); Psych wellbeing (−0.19; β = −2.24); Mood/emotion (−0.20; β = −2.03); Self-perception (−0.14; β = −1.38); Autonomy (−13; β = −1.71); Parent relationship (−14; β = −1.22); Financial resources (−22; β = −3.53); Peers and social supp (−0.23; β = −3.34); School environment (−0.14; β = −3.82). |
González-Cabrera et al. (2020) [24] | Spain | 12,285 (50.3%) | 11–18 | For the evaluation of HRQoL, the Spanish version of the KIDSCREEN-27, Spanish version of the European Bullying, Cyberbullying Triangulation Questionnaire-CTQ Intervention Project Questionnaire (EBIPQ) | Pearson correlations; Anova | Study concluded that bullying resulted in lower health-related quality of life; with respect to age differences, study showed that involvement in bullying problems increases with age. Correlations showed between the Bullying and the five KIDSCREEN-27. Physical wellbeing (−0.143), Psychological wellbeing (−0.326), Autonomy and parent relation (−0.245), Social support and peers (−0.231), School environment −0.277 Among boys and girls: t (p)− 1.03 (0.304) d = 0.02 |
Xiao et al. (2021) [16] | China | 2155 (50.1%) | 9–17 | Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire, HRQoL The KIDSCREEN 10 tool was used to assess self-reported HRQoL. | Multivariate logistic regressions | Being a victim of traditional bullying increases the risk of having lower health-related quality of life. (β = −3.55, p < 0.001, SE = 0.41) Students’ health-related quality of life scores decreased with the increase in the degree of traditional bullying. (β = −10.28, p < 0.001, SE = 1.19) |
Ngo et al. (2021) [25] | Vietnam | 712 (58.1%) | 11–14 | Bullying; self-reported using questions, HRQoL of students was assessed by utilizing the Vietnamese version of EuroQol-5 dimensions-5 levels (EQ-5D-5L), The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale—21 Items (DASS-21) | Logistic regression model; multivariate Tobit regression. | Being bullied was significantly correlated with the decrement of HRQoL, and a higher risk of depression, anxiety, and stress among adolescents. Physical bullying (Coef. = −0.05; 95%C = −0.08–−0.02), social aggression (Coef. = −0.02; 95%C = −0.04−0.01) and verbal bullying (Coef. = −0.03; 95%C = −0.06–−0.01) |
Martin-Perez et al. (2021) [26] | Spain | 1411 (47.2%) | 12–18 | HRQoL was assessed by Spanish KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire. Bullying was reported using Spanish version of the validated Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument-Bullying (APRI) | Multivariate logistic regression | Physical, verbal/social bullying were closely associated with worse scores in all the HRQoL subscales and Social Acceptance was the most affected dimension, followed by Moods and Emotions, which, in the most serious cases of harassment, had a 15.86 and 8.35 (p < 0.001) higher risk. |
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Dubey, V.P.; Kievišienė, J.; Rauckiene-Michealsson, A.; Norkiene, S.; Razbadauskas, A.; Agostinis-Sobrinho, C. Bullying and Health Related Quality of Life among Adolescents—A Systematic Review. Children 2022, 9, 766. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9060766
Dubey VP, Kievišienė J, Rauckiene-Michealsson A, Norkiene S, Razbadauskas A, Agostinis-Sobrinho C. Bullying and Health Related Quality of Life among Adolescents—A Systematic Review. Children. 2022; 9(6):766. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9060766
Chicago/Turabian StyleDubey, Viney Prakash, Justina Kievišienė, Alona Rauckiene-Michealsson, Sigute Norkiene, Artūras Razbadauskas, and Cesar Agostinis-Sobrinho. 2022. "Bullying and Health Related Quality of Life among Adolescents—A Systematic Review" Children 9, no. 6: 766. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9060766