Short-Term Outcomes of the Boston Brace 3D Program Based on SRS and SOSORT Criteria: A Retrospective Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Negrini, S.; Aulisa, A.G.; Aulisa, L.; Circo, A.B.; de Mauroy, J.C.; Durmala, J.; Grivas, T.B.; Knott, P.; Kotwicki, T.; Maruyama, T.; et al. 2011 SOSORT guidelines: Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth. Scoliosis 2012, 7, 3. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Negrini, S.; Donzelli, S.; Aulisa, A.G.; Czaprowski, D.; Schreiber, S.; De Mauroy, J.C.; Diers, H.; Grivas, T.B.; Knott, P.; Kotwicki, T.; et al. 2016 SOSORT guidelines: Orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth. Scoliosis 2018, 13, 3. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Kotwicki, T.; Durmała, J.; Czaprowski, D.; Głowacki, M.; Kołban, M.; Snela, S.; Sliwiński, Z.; Kowalski, I.M. Conservative management of idiopathic scoliosis—Guidelines based on SOSORT 2006 Consensus. Ortop. Traumatol. Rehabil. 2009, 11, 379–395. [Google Scholar]
- Canavese, F. Idiopathic scoliosis. Ann. Transl. Med. 2020, 8, 21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Weinstein, S.L. MD Natural History; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1999; Volume 24. [Google Scholar]
- Weinstein, S.L.; Dolan, L.; Wright, J.G.; Dobbs, M.B. Effects of bracing in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 2013, 369, 1512–1521. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Katz, D.E.; Herring, A.; Browne, R.H. Brace Wear Control of Curve Progression in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. J. Bone Jt. Surg. 2010, 92, 1343–1352. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Morrissy, R.T.; Goldsmith, G.S.; Hall, E.C.; Kehl, D.; Cowie, G.H. Measurement of the Cobb angle on radiographs of patients who have. J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. 1990, 72, 320–327. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Di Maria, F.; Vescio, A.; Caldaci, A.; Vancheri, A.; Di Maria, C.; Sapienza, M.; Testa, G.; Pavone, V. Immediate Effects of Sforzesco® Bracing on Respiratory Function in Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis. Healthcare 2021, 9, 1372. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Negrini, S.; Boards, S.; Hresko, T.M.; O’Brien, J.P.; Price, N.; SRS Non-Operative Committee. Recommendations for research studies on treatment of idiopathic scoliosis: Consensus 2014 between SOSORT and SRS non–operative management committee. Scoliosis 2015, 10, 1–12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Pasquini, G.; Cecchi, F.; Bini, C.; Lova, R.M.; Vannetti, F.; Castagnoli, C.; Paperini, A.; Boni, R.; Macchi, C.; Crusco, B.; et al. The outcome of a modified version of the Cheneau brace in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) based on SRS and SOSORT criteria: A retrospective study. Eur. J. Phys. Rehabil. Med. 2016, 52, 618–629. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Dolan, L.A.; Donzelli, S.; Zaina, F.; Weinstein, S.L.; Negrini, S. Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Bracing Success Is Influenced by Time in Brace. Spine 2020, 45, 1193–1199. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Doody, M.M.; Lonstein, J.E.; Stovall, M.; Hacker, D.G.; Luckyanov, N.; Land, C.E. Breast cancer mortality after diagnostic radiography: Findings from the US Scoliosis Cohort Study. Spine 2000, 25, 2052–2063. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Asher, A.M.; Burton, D.C. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Natural history and long term treatment effects. Scoliosis 2006, 1, 2–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Watts, H.G.; Hall, J.E.; Stanish, W. The Boston Brace System for the Treatment of Low Thoracic adn Lumbar Scoliosis by teh Use of a Gridle Without Superstructure. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 1977, 126, 87–92. [Google Scholar]
- Rigo, M.; Jelačić, M. Brace technology thematic series: The 3D Rigo Chêneau-type brace. Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 2017, 12, 1–46. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Emans, J.B.; Hresko, M.T.; Miller, J. The Reference Manual for the Boston Scoliosis Brace; Scoliosis Research Society: Milwaukee, WI, USA, 2003. [Google Scholar]
- Wynne, J. The Boston Brace and TriaC systems. Disabil. Rehabil. Assist. Technol. 2008, 3, 130–135. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Emans, J.B.; Kaelin, A.; Bancel, P. The Boston Bracing System for Idiopathic Scoliosis Follow up Results in 295 Patients. Spine 1986, 11, 792–801. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lange, J.E.; Steen, H.; Brox, J.I. Long-term results after Boston brace treatment in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis 2009, 4, 17. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lange, J.E.; Steen, H.; Gunderson, R.; Brox, J.I. Long-term results after Boston brace treatment in late-onset juvenile and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis 2011, 6, 18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Danielsson, A.J.; Wiklund, I.; Pehrsson, K.; Nachemson, A.L. Health-related quality of life in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A matched follow-up at least 20 years after treatment with brace or surgery. Eur. Spine J. 2001, 10, 278–288. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Cassella, M.C.; Hall, J.E. Current Treatment Approaches in the Nonoperative and Operative Management of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. Phys. Ther. 1991, 71, 897–909. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cassella, M.C. Non-Operative Treatment of Children with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Using the Boston Brace: A Case Study. Phys. Ther. Pract. 1994, 3, 163–174. [Google Scholar]
- Berdishevsky, H.; Lebel, V.A.; Bettany-Saltikov, J.; Rigo, M.; Lebel, A.; Hennes, A.; Romano, M.; Białek, M.; M’Hango, A.; Betts, T.; et al. Physiotherapy scoliosis-specific exercises—A comprehensive review of seven major schools. Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 2016, 11, 1–52. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Morton, A.; Riddle, R.; Buchanan, R.; Katz, D.B.S.; Birch, J. Accuracy in the Prediction and Estimation of Adherence to Bracewear Before and During Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. J. Pediatr. Orthop. 2008, 28, 336–341. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Karol, L.A.; Virostek, D.; Felton, K.; Wheeler, L. Effect of Compliance Counseling on Brace Use and Success in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. J. Bone Jt. Surg. 2016, 98, 9–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Touch, J.; Berg, J. Parent Perspective on Appointment Non-Attendance: A Descriptive2 Study. Pediatr. Nurs. 2016, 24, 181. [Google Scholar]
- Pesata, V.; Pallija, G.; Webb, A. A Discriptive Study of Missed Appointments: Families Perceptions of Barriers of Care. J. Pediatr. Healthc. 1999, 13, 178–182. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Samules, R.; Ward, V.; Melvin, P.; Macht-Greenberg, M.; Wenren, L.M.; Yi, J.; Massey, G.; Cox, J.E. Missed Appointments: Factors Contributing to High No-Show Rates in Urban Pediatric Primary Care Clinics. Clin. Pediatrics 2015, 54, 976–982. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Notarncola, A.; Fari, G.; Maccagnano, G.; Riondino, A.; Covelli, I.; Bianchi, F.P.; Tafuri, S.; Piazzolla, A.; Moretti, B. Teenager’s perceptions of their scoliotic curves. An observational study of comparison between sports people and non-sports people. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2019, 9, 225–235. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Roye, B.D.; Simhon, M.E.; Matsumoto, H.; Bakarania, P.; Berdishevsky, H.; Dolan, L.A.; Grimes, K.; Grivas, T.B.; Hresko, M.T.; Karol, L.A.; et al. Establishing consensus on the best practice guidelines for the use of bracing in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine Deform. 2020, 8, 597–604. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Single Curves Start of Management | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Curve Apex | Number (%) | Age (Mean ± SD) | One-Way ANOVA | Female (%) | Cobb (Degrees Mean SD) | One-Way ANOVA | Average Objective Break-In Wear Time, Hours/Day (%) | One-Way ANOVA |
Whole Sample | 51 (100%) | 13 ± 1.65 | 41 (80%) | 30.3 ± 4.01 | 10.06 ± 3.83 (84%) | |||
Curve Type | ||||||||
Thoracic | 29 (57%) | 11.6 ± 1.2 | p = 0.08 | 23 (79%) | 30.4 ± 4.1 | p = 0.639 | 9.25 ± 3.67 (93%) | p = 0.130 |
Thoracolumbar | 18 (35%) | 13.5 ± 1.5 | 15 (83%) | 30.6 ± 4.13 | 11.75 ± -3.92 (78%) | |||
Lumbar | 4 (8%) | 12.8 ± 1.21 | 3 (75%) | 28.5 ± 3.1 | 9.2 ± 2.26 (50%) | |||
Magnitude | ||||||||
25–30 | 31 (61%) | 13.2 ± 1.52 | p = 0.296 | 23 (74%) | 27.5 ± 1.75 | p = < 0.001 | 9.2 ± 3.81 (77%) | p = 0.252 |
31–35 | 14 (27%) | 12.9 ± 1.94 | 12 (86%) | 33.5 ± 1.4 | 11.25 ± 3.64 (100%) | |||
36–40 | 6 (12%) | 12.0 ± 1.45 | 6 (100%) | 37.5 ± 1.4 | 10.88 ± 4.11 (83%) | |||
Risser Sign | ||||||||
0 | 20 (39%) | 11.9 ± 1.4 | p = < 0.001 | 17 (85%) | 30.85 ± 4.3 | p = 0.747 | 9.36 ± 3.8 (80%) | p = 0.342 |
1 | 9 (18%) | 12.8 ± 1.2 | 7 (78%) | 30.11 ± 3.14 | 9.16 ± 2.78 (89%) | |||
2 | 22 (43%) | 14.0 ± 1.4 | 17 (77%) | 29.9 ± 4.15 | 10.6 ± 3.92 (82%) |
Double Curves Start of Management | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Curve Apex | Number (%) | Age (Mean ± SD) | One-Way ANOVA | Female (%) | Cobb (Degrees Mean SD) | One-Way ANOVA | Average Objective Break-In Wear Time, Hours/Day (%) | One-Way ANOVA |
Whole Sample | 127 (100%) | 12.8 ± 1.3 | 109 (86%) | 31.54 ± 4.46 | 9.72 ± 3.86 (79%) | |||
Type | ||||||||
Thoracic | 70 (55%) | 12.64 ± 1.25 | p = 0.265 | 60 (86%) | 31.06 ± 4.49 | p = 0.258 | 9.09 ± 3.52 (77%) | p = 0.200 |
Thoracolumbar | 32 (25%) | 12.97 ± 1.26 | 28 (88%) | 32.63 ± 4.51 | 10.28 ± 3.83 (75%) | |||
Lumbar | 25 (20%) | 13.07 ± 1.46 | 21 (84%) | 31.48 ± 4.22 | 10.66 ± 4.55 (88%) | |||
Magnitude | ||||||||
25-30 | 59 (46.4%) | 12.78 ± 1.10 | p = 0.355 | 54 (92%) | 27.61 ± 1.74 | p = < 0.001 | 10.04 ± 4.03 (78%) | p = 0.447 |
31-35 | 37 (29.1%) | 13.03 ± 1.61 | 29 (78%) | 32.46 ± 1.30 | 9.95 ± 3.09 (78%) | |||
36-40 | 31 (24.4%) | 12.58 ± 1.23 | 26 (84%) | 37.90 ± 1.49 | 8.87 ± 4.36 (80%) | |||
Risser Sign | ||||||||
0 | 67 (53%) | 12.42 ± 1.16 | p = 0.002 | 61 (91%) | 28.34 ± 6.17 | p = 0.538 | 9.41 ± 4.09 (78%) | p = 0.697 |
1 | 33 (26%) | 13.28 ± 1.42 | 28 (85%) | 27.09 ± 5.35 | 9.95 ± 3.78 (82%) | |||
2 | 27 (21%) | 13.17 ± 1.22 | 20 (74%) | 28.59 ± 1.22 | 10.19 ± 3.48 (78%) |
Cobb Angle Changes and Dose Single Curves | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cobb Angle Change | N (%) | Break-In Average Wear Time Hours/Day | Number of Break-In Reads (%) | 2nd Average Wear Time | Number of Second Reads | Third Average Wear Time | Number of Third Reads |
Improved (6° or more) | 14 (27%) | 11.02 ± 3.63 | 13 (93%) | 15.6 ± 3.42 | 13 (93%) | 15.5 ± 3.62 | 10 (71%) |
Unchanged (±5°) | 29 (57%) | 10.47 ± 3.79 | 23 (79%) | 13.97 ± 4.14 | 27 (93%) | 14.1 ± 4.13 | 16 (55%) |
Progressed (6° or more) | 8 (16%) | 6.94 ± 3.07 | 7(88%) | 10.66 ± 3.58 | 5 (63%) | 8.2 ± 3.87 | 5 (63%) |
Cobb Angle Changes and Dose Double Curves | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cobb Angle Change | N (%) | Break-In Average Wear Time Hours/Day | Number of Break-In Reads (%) | 2nd Average Wear Time | Number of Second Reads | Third Average Wear Time | Number of Third Reads |
Improved (6° or more) | 32 (25%) | 10.2 ± 3.29 | 28 (88%) | 14.91 ± 3.79 | 20 (63%) | 15.6 ± 3.07 | 17 (53%) |
Unchanged (±5°) | 56 (44%) | 10.98 ± 3.76 | 41 (73%) | 12.72 ± 5.02 | 35 (63%) | 13.29 ± 4.61 | 29 (52%) |
Progressed (6° or more) | 39 (31%) | 7.6 ± 3.64 | 33 (85%) | 7.84 ± 4.45 | 23 (59%) | 7.67 ± 4.59 | 17 (44%) |
Primary Double Curve | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cobb Angle at Start of Treatment | Cobb Angle at Short Term (12 Months of Treatment or More) | |||||||
Apex | Number >10° ≤ 30° | Number >30° ≤ 50° | Number >50° | Apex | Number <10° | Number >10° ≤ 30° | Number >30° ≤ 50° | Number >50° |
Thoracic | 37 | 33 | 0 | Thoracic | 0 | 36 | 40 | 3 |
Thoracolumbar | 10 | 22 | 0 | Thoracolumbar | 1 | 11 | 12 | 2 |
Lumbar | 12 | 13 | 0 | Lumbar | 0 | 11 | 7 | 4 |
Single Curves | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cobb Angle at Start of Treatment | Cobb Angle at Short Term (12 Months of Treatment or More) | ||||||
Apex | Number >10° ≤ 30° | Number >30° ≤ 50° | Number >50° | Apex | Number >10° ≤ 30° | Number >30° ≤ 50° | Number >50° |
Thoracic | 17 | 12 | 0 | Thoracic | 18 | 11 | 0 |
Thoracolumbar | 11 | 7 | 0 | Thoracolumbar | 11 | 6 | 1 |
Lumbar | 3 | 1 | 0 | Lumbar | 3 | 1 | 0 |
Double Curve Initial In-Brace Correction | |||
---|---|---|---|
Cobb Angle Change | Initial Primary Degree of Cobb Angle (N) | Percent Correction (SD) | Range of Correction Percentage |
Progressed (6° or more) | 25–30° (18) | 38.9% ± 25 | 6.9–100% |
31–35° (10) | 30.8% ± 18.2 | 0–65.7% | |
36–40° (11) | 41.1$ ± 21.3 | 7.5–75% | |
Unchanged (±5°) | 25–30° (27) | 38.8% ± 24.6 | 0–100% |
31–35° (18) | 43.2% ± 27 | 0–100% | |
36–40° (11) | 34.4% ± 16.3 | 5–52.6% | |
Improved (6° or more) | 25–30° (14) | 67.75% ± 26.7 | 24–100% |
31–35° (9) | 50.45% ± 9.9 | 35–61% | |
36–40° (9) | 57.4% ± 23 | 17.5–100% |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Wynne, J.H.; Houle, L.R. Short-Term Outcomes of the Boston Brace 3D Program Based on SRS and SOSORT Criteria: A Retrospective Study. Children 2022, 9, 842. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9060842
Wynne JH, Houle LR. Short-Term Outcomes of the Boston Brace 3D Program Based on SRS and SOSORT Criteria: A Retrospective Study. Children. 2022; 9(6):842. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9060842
Chicago/Turabian StyleWynne, James H., and Lauren R. Houle. 2022. "Short-Term Outcomes of the Boston Brace 3D Program Based on SRS and SOSORT Criteria: A Retrospective Study" Children 9, no. 6: 842. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9060842